Counselling Theories Essay Example for Free

Guiding Theories Essay I pronounce that this evaluation is my own work, in view of my very own examination/study . I likewise pronounce that this evaluation, nor parts of it, has not been recently submitted for some other unit/module or course, and that I have not replicated to some degree or entire or in any case copied crafted by another understudy and additionally people. I have perused the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and comprehend its suggestions. I additionally proclaim, if this is a reasonable abilities evaluation, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been perused and marked by the two gatherings, and where appropriate parental assent has been acquired. 1. Rundown three impacts of the useless condition Lucy experienced childhood in. In what capacity may these have influenced Lucy as a grown-up? In the main model, the impact of Lucy’s father can be found in the sort of accomplices Lucy has decided for her beaus. Lucy grew up with a dad who had the disciplinary job in the family. A considerable lot of Lucy’s beaus have been fierce towards her, she might be pulled in to an accomplice who likes to be in charge. This might be on the grounds that, to her a man’s job is to give out control. Lucy might be unwittingly picking accomplices that model a similar sort of conduct as her dads. It is fascinating to know whether a significant number of them were likewise cold and inaccessible towards her. In the subsequent model, the impact of Lucy’s mother can be found in how Lucy has likewise gone to liquor to adapt to her own downturn. Lucy’s mother regularly thought that it was difficult to adapt to life, particularly when the kids were more youthful. She permitted the oldest youngster Ted, to assume on the liability of taking care of the kids when she felt excessively discouraged or influenced by liquor to mind. Lucy’s conduct shows that she is thinking that its difficult to deal with her life, much like her mom did. She might be unknowingly demonstrating herself after her mom, concerning how she adapts to life and the issues that emerge. Lucy may consider liquor a medicine for her downturn and nervousness, as she saw her mom use liquor as a method for dealing with stress growing up. Lucy’s conduct most emphatically looks like her moms, and I trust her mom has had the best impact and impact on Lucy as a grown-up. In the third model, the troublesome family unit Lucy experienced childhood in has affected on Lucy’s grown-up life. Initially, in the initial ten years of Lucy’s life, she was normally presented to her parent’s contentions and battling. Lucy probably grown up feeling extremely questionable and on edge about her life, without the sustaining backing of her folks. Furthermore, she more likely than not grown up despising her more established sibling for going about as a substitute parent towards her. 2. By what means may the kin birth request have influenced the oldest and the most youthful youngsters and how they react to Lucy, despite the fact that they had comparable demonstrating and support from their folks as kids? Lucy’s oldest sibling was the main conceived and regularly the primary conceived kid assumes the job of guardian in a useless nuclear family. Ted has built up the common attributes of the principal youngster in that he has taken on a position of authority inside the family. Ted may feel more like Lucy’s father than her sibling and this clarifies why he feels it is alright to voice his conclusions about Lucy’s life. His job in the family has been to issue comprehend, with the goal that the family capacities as well as possible. Ted needs to help and care for Lucy, by offering his recommendation on the best way to take care of her issues, however Lucy detests this as she considers Ted to be her sibling not a parental figure. Amy’s position in the birth request is the last kid thus she has been protected from the early disturbance of the family. The last youngster is frequently shielded from the truth of the useless condition of the family. Amy has not needed to manage the kind of issues the more seasoned two have, and doesn't have a similar weight that the other two have. Lucy feels that Amy doesn't attempt to control her, thus she relates better to her. 3. Assume that Lucy’s expansive objectives for guiding are to quit mishandling liquor and quit rehashing the example of oppressive connections. Diagram a program of progress for Lucy, including: an) Identifying the particular objectives she may move in the direction of. b) How you may apply and record fortification to assist Lucy with contacting her objectives? c) How you may assist Lucy with observing any progressions made? The particular objectives that Lucy can progress in the direction of in advising would be ‘to deal with my liquor utilization in a mindful way’ and ‘to pick a progressively appropriate accomplice for a relationship’. In helping Lucy contact her objectives I would urge all her a journal of her practices and the sentiments related with these practices. For instance Lucy could record how she is feeling the following day in the wake of drinking an excess of liquor, and she could likewise record how she felt the following day in the wake of settling on the decision to keep away from drinking. She could then think about her sentiments and ideally she can discover uplifting comments to support her non drinking conduct. Through keeping a journal it fills two needs, right off the bat it assists Lucy with recognizing her own victories and dissatisfactions, and it will help explain her own feelingsâ toward her drinking conduct. Also it is a record that Lucy and I, as Lucy’s advocate, can use as a kind of perspective to beware of her advancement in accomplishing the objectives she has set for herself. The more the triumphs exceed the mistake the almost certain Lucy will keep on adjusting her conduct and improve her emotions towards herself. 4. Clarify the idea of improvement and reaction in directing and depict how it may be valuable in helping Lucy contact her objectives. The idea of boost and reaction in advising alludes to the hypothesis that a specific upgrade triggers a specific reaction by they way we carry on. The encounters we have (the upgrade) impacts our conduct (reaction). In Lucy’s case she has built up a reliance on liquor as a reaction to her tension and misery. During our guiding I would assist Lucy with recognizing that she might have the option to discover different methods of reacting to her uneasiness and misery. Lucy has a scholarly reaction concerning her sentiments of nervousness and gloom, which she gained from her mom. It would be useful for her to perceive that she can become familiar with another reaction to these issues. I would solicit Lucy to think from different occasions, where she has had achievement in beating an impediment, has she attempted different reactions to her triggers. What has not worked in the past would likewise be useful to know. 5. Clarify the standards of negative and encouraging feedback and portray how they may be valuable in helping Lucy contact her objectives. The standards of negative and uplifting feedback are that the results of our conduct is fortified because of the sort of reinforcer being utilized. Positive reinforcers are the point at which we get a charming result to a kind of conduct that urges us to proceed with that sort of conduct. Negative reinforcers are equivalent to positive reinforcers as in we despite everything get the support to proceed with a sort of conduct yet this time it is on the grounds that we are evading an undesirable result to the kind of conduct. A model for Lucy is her utilization of liquor, negative support could be utilized to assist her with changing her conduct. With the end goal for Lucy to quit mishandling liquor she needs to connect her drinking with the terrible results of her conduct. The utilization of liquor is putting her in danger of losing her employment, home and fellowship. Negative reinforcementâ could assist Lucy with perceiving that by deciding to remain calm she will maintain a strategic distance from the undesirable results of putting her activity, home and kinship in danger. Encouraging feedback could be utilized to assist Lucy with perceiving that by deciding to remain calm, her work life will be increasingly charming if her supervisors notice she is appearing on schedule. Her home life will be increasingly secure on the off chance that she pays her lease. Her fellowship will get more grounded on the off chance that she supposedly is moving in the direction of progress. 6. Clarify what is implied by negative discipline and negative support and recommend how these standards may have affected on Lucy previously. Negative discipline is the point at which a specific merriment has been removed as discipline for the kind of conduct being shown. Negative support is the point at which we stop or maintain a strategic distance from a specific conduct because of accepting a negative result to our conduct. In Lucy’s case she has gotten a proper admonition at her working environment, this implies she could be at risk for losing her employment on the off chance that she proceeds with this kind of conduct. She is additionally at risk for losing her home due to being behind in her lease, and losing her kinship with Jacquie who is her lone genuine companion. These are for the most part instances of the negative disciplines Lucy has acquired because of her conduct. During directing it might be advantageous for Lucy to make the association between her conduct and the negative discipline she will get subsequently. Utilizing negative fortifications would assist Lucy with avoiding the conduct, she can decide to abstain from utilizing liquor as a method of dodging the disagreeable results this decision carries with it. 7. Clarify how impacts from natural displaying in Lucy’s life as a grown-up could help or impede her in contacting her objectives. Helping Lucy to recognize who her good examples have been, and who they are currently, will assist Lucy with having a superior comprehension of why she reacts to specific circumstances in the manner that she does. In the past I trust Lucy’s mother has been the most persuasive individual in Lucy’s life. Lucy has grown up watching her mother’s conduct, this kind of displaying has shown Lucy how to react to unpleasant circumstances. Relating to new good examples in her grown-up life, can assist Lucy with finding different methods of reacting to the

Language Management Relative to Gender, Cultural Background, and Goals of Interaction

There are different speculations that endeavored to clarify and comprehend different get-togethers and social issues. Two of these hypotheses incorporate the regulating and the exact speculations. So as to comprehend these ideas, it might be ideal to know their definitions. The standardizing hypothesis includes the assessment of things dependent on the marks of what is acceptable and what is awful. The allure then of a methodology is dictated by the discernible decisions on its implications.On the other hand, exact hypothesis includes the utilization of perceptions as indicated by solid proof so things can be clarified with exactness and accuracy. One of the most significant utilizations of the regularizing and observational hypothesis is on the standard making part of a vote based system. As per Craig, there â€Å"may be various models of democracy†. In any case, in our general public, we are frequently mistaken for the regulating and observational parts of democracy.As respe cts vote based system, one can even now say that so as to accomplish the genuine substance of an equitable network, the experimental methodology is all things considered alluring. It isn't sufficient that the statutes proposed by the idea of majority rules system directs how and to what degree we accomplish vote based system. Or maybe, it is significant that we additionally depend on exact information and solid proof to decide how and to what degree the proposed just approaches can influence the lives of the individuals who have faith in the idea of democracy.Historical information demonstrates that botches as respects majority rules system included the standardizing hypothesis of popular government wherein our pioneers will in general have been influenced and chosen uniquely as per what vote based system ought to and should be somewhat on what the network entirely and the situation. In the standardizing hypothesis, it is regularly the mean to assess things instead of clarify things . In such manner, it is regularly the situation that under the regularizing hypothesis, solid activities are not decided so as to determine issues.This isn't accurate if there should be an occurrence of the observational hypothesis on the grounds that by something beyond assessing things, clarifying the different social wonders empowers our pioneers to make further comprehension of things with the goal that it very well may be settled by just standards. Vote based hypothesis is observationally alluring as much as it permits the individuals to clarify things with the goal that they can uninhibitedly follow up on it. The law based set up is best for the network since it permits individuals to, exclusively make an assessment and comprehension of things by attempting to clarify the underlying drivers of the problems.In expansion, under the idea of popular government, it is best that choices be put together not just with respect to the premise of what is best for a specific gathering yet for the entire network. The act of vote based system ought not cause to sabotage other equitable privileges of others. This is normally what is reflected in the United States governmental issues since explicit strategies particularly on wars are presently impressions of the voice of the individuals, or a result of free thoughts to decide their pertinence and reasonableness.It is terrible to believe that the vote based standards are currently spoiled with the extended length of intensity of legislative issues and officialdom. Numerous our apparently vote based pioneers, disregard equitable end in return of their own expectations. We ought not overlook that a genuine fair government is an administration for the individuals, by the individuals and of the individuals. The centralization of government particularly of dynamic doesn't mirror the genuine idea of an equitable state.

Can You Become

Can You Become a new version of you? (Did anyone watch Felicity? These lyrics are from the theme song , which JJ Abrams, the creator of the show, wrote. Interestingly, Abrams is directing Mission: Impossible 3, in which Keri Russell stars. Its something with those ladies from the WB, isnt it, Tom?) The second I de-planed, literally, I felt very much immersed in Boston. On the hallway thingy that connects the plane to the airport, I heard an airport employee reference his Smaat Caad. (smart card, in the local accent) Okay, anyway. Im now at MIT! The first thing I did once I got back was go to Annas Taqueria and get a burrito. I didnt even think about how much TechCash I had on my MIT Card, but its a good thing I didnt get a super burrito, since after paying for the regular burrito, I had 81 cents left on my card. After dinner, I went to LaVerdes (grocery store in the student center) and bought a banana. At this point, I had 47 cents left on my card. You know me, living on the edge. My room is great. Im in the same suite as I was last year, but have moved to a larger room with more windows. Now I share a wall with Sam! Last year, I was two rooms away, so sometimes I would call his dorm phone when I wanted to talk to him (and he wasnt online). For some reason, he didnt understand this. Oh well. This year, I can accomplish secret life goal #22: create and use a personalized knocking code. I cant wait!! Notice the unpacking priorities: Look, a river view! Im on the 2nd floor of my building, so you cant see the river well, but trust me, its there. Yesterday, I stopped by 10-100 to say hi to people in the admissions reception room. You may remember Mikey 05 and Alia 05 from Matts blog. They invited me to lunch at the Kendall Food Court. We got lunch with Stephen 05, who majored in Course 7: Biology and is off to Stanford in two weeks for a graduate program in bioengineering. This stud sang in the a cappella group Resonance while he was a student. Were eating right outside of the MIT Media Lab, which is basically the coolest place in the world. Last night, as part of Boston Restaurant Week 2005, I went 33 Restaurant with my friend Rose 05. Before dinner, we walked around Newbury Street, and passed the Boston Public Library and Hancock Tower on our way to the restaurant. This is such a nice walking area, and the evening weather is lovely. Im so excited for Orientation and all of the activities/events that occur in the next couple of weeks =) Also, my friends Spencer 07, Stella 07, and I are associate advisors for a freshman advising seminar. Ill talk more about this in a future entry, and hopefully I can even profile some of the 09s. If youre in the area on Sunday, check out Cambridge Carnival A Caribbean Style Festival. EDIT: I just found out I have Massachusetts jury duty during the first week of school. Stay tuned for an exciting update.

Steinhouse Knitting Mills - 1083 Words

Primary problem: Sine 1988 , sales had been declining steadily. Evidence: 1988 sales-$ 7.5million; 1993-$3.5 million; 1998-$2.7million. Situation Analysis A Environment 1.Low-wage developing countries with an abundant supply of labour provide tough competition to Canada. 2Growing popularity of the ‘ big and tall size’. 3 Trend to ‘dressing down’ or ‘ casual days’ 4 The weather over last few years has hurt business.( Winters were warm) 5 Fashion business usually changes fast. 6 The low value of Canadian dollar relative to the U.S dollar. Summary of environmental opportunities and threats: Opportunities: a Serving ‘big and tall size ‘customer groups and market segments; b. Low value of CDN dollar means lower price for American,†¦show more content†¦B Make bigger push into the USA market Use the strengths of duty free, low exchange rate of CDN dollar and convenient transportation, make a bigger push into the USA. Produce a lot more ‘ Big and Tall’ size and focus on the European style which is different from USA local market. C Make a bigger step into sport-shirt manufacturing business Continue supplying traditional main products, but open a eye on potential new business partners, Based on the JMD success experiences , find out chance to enter Man`s sport T shirt manufacturing business markets. Implementations: 1 Get rid of 10 old machines and buy 10 new modern one;10 old one continue to manufacture the inventory of acrylic/wool sweaters and increase ‘Big and tall’ size;10 new ones would used to produce high-gauge sweaters and mixed cashmere sweaters. 2 Hire several in-house designers to design new styles according to different segments customers` demands; 3 Import some sweaters from low-wage countries labels the brand name Etcetera which target downmarket. 4 Import cashmere from china if the cost lower then $75($50*1.5)/ per sweater. 5 Reset the price for different brands. 6 Use multiple marketingShow MoreRelatedCase Study Steinhouse Knitting Mills (Canada)1608 Words   |  7 PagesLegal: The Apparel industry in general and particularly the Sweater industry is facing problems of declining sales and increased overheads. Steinhouse operates in the higher price band and this sector is dominated by named brands such as Polo and others and departmental stores and the customers prefer such brands over the lesser-known brands such as Steinhouse. Large retailers such as Walmart, prefer to buy directly in bulk from low wage countries such as Bangladesh, China and others. The US market

Drugs And Politics The War On Drugs Essay - 2157 Words

Drugs and Politics The war on drugs has been a great tool to keep the force of U.S drug policies’ in Latin America because the prohibition makes the most successful and profitable failure to transnational corporations. Over the course 100 years of repression history of narcotics, it has become apparent that zero tolerance policies have brought nothing than harm to the working class on a Global scale, especially Mexico. The attempt to eradicate trafficking in narcotics in many of the Latin American nations is a bloody game of failure. There is no measurable correlation that the supply of illicit drugs into the United States is decreasing as a result of this war. So, there is no end to it because of the morality behind the prohibition. The prejudices and myths created to condemn the use of illicit drugs; it formed a moral ground to sustain the ban. This new approach to drugs emerged from a political and social discourse in Latin America. The association of drug use to â€Å"m oral living standards† it was just a way to construct problem to divide and conquer. Therefore, the war on drugs just means that denying and mobilizing resistance to drugs; it could be better understood as a way to increase social and territorial control over lands and people with economic interests. Beatriz C. Labate writes about the use of drugs is seemed as degeneration of the body and soul just as a sin and it must be combated (Labate, 2016, pg. 7). Meaning that to have a successful policy, theShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma And Usage Of Recreational Drugs1582 Words   |  7 Pagesrecreational drugs has shown a positive impact on the community through decrease of incarcerations and medical advancements. This essay argues that although state and local policy changes have shown to be more effective than it’s predecessor set by the Nixon administration, federal oversight and involvement is still crucial to the success of applying a drug policy onto any type of population. Recreational drugs, or otherwise known as club drugs are often described in American media as: Drugs that areRead MoreThe Hippie Generation Changed the World Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagesparents or doing drugs and having sex, Hippies are people who believe that the way to peace is love. They believe that in order to love one another it is important that they accept one another for who they are but the people in their time others did not see this. They just saw kids that were breaking the law. They did many wild things that people other than the hippies frowned upon like, doing many different drugs and experimenting with sex, listening to loud music and holding war protests. OneRead MoreHurt Locker1119 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2011 Hurt Locker: An Addiction To War The Hurt Locker can give almost anybody the nerves with its numerous suspenseful moments. But what lies inside all the tension filled scenes is a much deeper meaning. Kathryn Bigelow stresses an important message in this Oscar-winning epic. Although the film depicts the gruesome horrors of war, Kathryn Bigelow’s The Hurt Locker is not an anti-war film. The Hurt Locker is a film about James’s addiction to war because it shows his desire tension riskRead MoreThe Zetas vs. Sinaloa Cartel1419 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Cline Blas P. Valdez May 29, 2013 Unit 11: Project Final Draft The War between the two major drug cartels in Mexico, Los Zetas and the Sinaloa Drug Cartel, has exploded to new extremes and is now affecting multiple countries. There are multiple cartels in Mexico who control certain sections of the country, but all have aligned with one or the other of the two Goliaths. 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The poverty level of Mexico has always been high, the country is known to be run by drugs and horrible, inhumane working conditions are common because of outside business coming in and taking advantage of what people will do for little money in the countryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Bong Hits And Arms Bands On School 960 Words   |  4 Pageswhich had the words â€Å"Bong Hits 4 Jesus† on it in. This was a violation of the schools rule to not promote illegal drugs (Supreme Court). The case was brought to the Supreme Court, Morse v. Fredrick (2007), and they held, 5-4, that the â€Å"school authorities do not violate the First Amendment when they stop students from expressing views that may be interpreted as promoting illegal drug use† (uscourts.gov). Although in this case the Supreme Court was in favor of Morse, this is not alwa ys the case. Students

The Effect Of Vertical Separation Of Incumbent Firms

In order to answer the above question, we mist first outline what exactly is meant by ‘vertical separation.’ This is when a two stages of one operation in a market becomes housed by two firms, however where one company is the monopoly provider, the parent owner is also the provider of the complimentary good, the owner being the ‘infrastructure manager’. The incentive is to instil competition in the market. Alternatively, when a large company distributes various tasks or a component of a goods production process into sections, either division or geographical, this is also known as vertical separation. The basic problem with this method is, being a natural monopoly allows the owner to prevent or restrict competition due to the scale of market power dominance, as well as alter price, product quality, quantity and so on. Structurally speaking, there are various management options open to the monopoly owner on how to designate the segmented firms, such as vertical ownership, joint ownership etc. To begin analysing the effect of vertical separation of incumbent firms and how well it stimulates competition within that economy, we must firstly keep one idea in mind, and that is what effect would result from the industry or company being managed as a single firm or being segmented into smaller, more focussed firms ie, separated. Economic analyses of vertical separation of firms has lead to two main points regarding the outcome of such a method. 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Sponsorship In The Marketing Communications -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sponsorship In The Marketing Communications? Answer: Introducation 7-Eleven is an American-Japanese convenience store located in Texas and Chiyoda. The company was established up in 1927 under the name of Totem Stores. Currently, 7-eleven has over 56,000 stores spread across 18 countries all over the world. It also has over 45,000 employees working for the betterment of the company. The company manufactures and sells products that include various types of beverages, prepared foods and gasoline. Due to the sale of these items, the company gain an added advantage over its competitors (7-eleven.com, 2018). Country and Market 7-Eleven is spread across all 18 different international countries. However, the main countries in which it conducts its business are the United States and Japan. The market of the United States comprise of a mixed economic system that consists of both free markets and planned control of the economy. The market in Japan focuses more the industrialisation of services. In terms of manufacturing, Japan is considered as the best country in the global market. Hence, these contrasting type exits in the market of both countries. International opportunities The international opportunity of the company is through the marketing development. This is done by increasing the number of stores. It has already been established that 7-Eleven has set up stores in 18 different countries. However, more expansion can be undertaken by creating marketing opportunities in other developing counties in the world. This can help the store to understand the diversity that exists within the people of other nations. According to Papadopoulos and Heslop (2014), it is necessary for the company to conduct a proper environmental analysis before investing in the country. Research and Sources of Evidence To identify a target market it is essential that managers of a company conduct a proper market research of the country. 7-Eleven need to identify the working capital that is required for its growth in the international market. The support required for storing inventory and the overall resource planning that is required needs to be researched. Evidence of these factors can be obtained by following the market, journals and website information. Assumptions and Limitations 7-Eleven need to assume that the store can gain success in the international market by mitigating all the potential threats. However, the limitation that the store may suffer is the cross-cultural marketing research technique (De Mooij 2015). Adjustments need to be made so that the profitability is maintained and the company can look to be the biggest retail chain in the country. This can provide 7-Eleven with an opportunity to continue its production line and expand into other regions of South Asia. Country The country that the company can target is India. This is because India is a country of diverse people. Hence, the company can manufacture and sell items that are of diverse nature and gain the trust of the customers. Entering into the Indian market economy is not a threat to foreign companies as a business in India is always welcomed. The market structure follows all type of marketing strategies that provide more opportunities for success. Target market As stated by Armstrong et al. (2015), target market helps an organisation to remain precise of the type of customers and the products it needs to manufacture. In the case of India, the target market of 7-Eleven can be the younger generation that aware of the use of technology and take considerable interests in the activities of a supermarket. However, it is required that 7-Eleven elevate their online marketing strategy before targeting the younger generation of the country. GO international decisions and definition of International Marketing According to Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes (2015), international marketing is a simple way to achieve profit by satisfying customers. This implies that the marketing managers of every company need to comply with the satisfaction of the customers by focusing on their needs and value. GO international decision is originated from within an organisation. Most of the times, however, it originates with the motivation that is provided by customers. Sometimes the corporate mission of a company drives the objective of GO international decisions. However, an audit can be done of 7-Eleven that can help in understanding its position. Strength Proper location Equity in brand Weakness Expensive rental cost Expensive labour payment Opportunity Market development Too many products Threat Competitors Availability of online shopping Table: SWOT analysis of 7-Eleven (Source: Created by author) Political Risk The political scenario in India is unstable and because of this, organisations may suffer a huge loss. The change in political figures may hamper the work progress as the parties may demand a cessation of work and bribes for allowing its continuity (Henisz and Zelner 2013). It has been seen that during the election system in India, organisations suffer more loss as people remain occupied in casting their rights for the benefit of the country. Hence, this is can be a huge loss for 7-Eleven after its expansion. Market Risk In India, one of the biggest market risks that a company may face is the fluctuating economy (Mathews et al. 2016). It is seen that the inflation rate of the country is high. This can create huge problems for the people of the country shy away from investing in products. The rate of conversion of currency in the country takes time, as legal documents need to be verified and re-checked by the Government before making it legal. Operational Risk Operational risk can occur due to the losses incurred by an organisation and the failure it had on building up a good business structure. The losses that have been incurred may result from internal as well as external factors (Fantazzini, Dalla Valle and Giudici 2018). In this regard, it can be said that in India, 7-Eleven may have to deal with losses incurred due to the continuous change in political as well as legal factors of the country. Organisations need to change the method of work each time these factors are changed. Ownership Risk According to Schmid, Grosche and Mayrhofer (2016), ownership risk can be considered as an event that may cause hindrance to a company for earning any investment projects. Such hindrance can come from the Government of a country, as many debates and considerations need to be taken into account before undertaking a project. In a country like India, the interference of the Government in organisational activities makes it a challenging factor for any company to continue its investment in a project. However, with proper negotiation it such risks can be mitigated. Financial Risk The financial risk includes the loss of money if a company has a huge number of debts (Dooley 2018). During expansion into a foreign country like India, 7-Eleven may expose the company to such a risk, as they may need to borrow a certain sum of money for the successful expansion of business. Hence, it is important to have proper financial backup particularly with the aim to expand into international market. Figure 1: Risk factors (Source: Created by author) Profit Advantage According to Koh and Wong (2015), the profit of a company helps it to continue its production in the market and expand its reputation. With sufficient profit earned, 7-Eleven can indulge in the innovation of products and satisfy the need of the employees. Employees can be provided with extra incentives because of the profit that has been earned by the company. Hence, earning profit need to be the ultimate goal for 7-Eleven to make successful progress in the Indian market. Unique Product The uniqueness of a product is always an advantage for a company as it helps in gaining a competitive advantage over the rivals. In India, 7-Eleven can introduce new products that can attract the Indian customers to purchase the products for the benefit of the company. The new product that can be introduced is a non-alcoholic drink that does not harm the health of the people. However, it needs to be kept in mind that other companies do not replicate the method used for making the product unique. This can lead to loss of competitive advantage for the company. Emerging Demand The demand for a product depends upon certain factors such as lifespan and the uniqueness that an item sold provides (Cavusgil et al. 2014). The monotonous nature of a product also contributes to its demand as people expect uniqueness in every product. The target market of 7-Eleven in India expects products that are unique in nature and provides an opportunity to remain loyal towards it. Hence, the demand for the products may decline if 7-Eleven does not incorporate new things for the satisfaction of the target market in the country. Excess Capacity The excess capacity of an organisation can be a huge disadvantage as companies may find it difficult to manage the stores (Bloom and Milkovich 2018). This one disadvantage is faced by 7-Eleven owing to the vast amount of stores that it possesses. However, since India is a vast country it is essential for 7-Eleven to maintain excess capacity so that the products can be manufactured easily on demand. This can help the company to maintain the objective that is set out once an organisation decides to indulge in international marketing. Encouraging Entrance Entering into new markets in a country is often encouraged by the Government of a country. However, it is to be seen that proper and legal considerations are kept in mind before allowing companies to establish itself in the country (Petersen, Kushwaha and Kumar 2015). In the case of 7-Eleven, the company can be encouraged to enter the market as it can help in the increase of the economic condition of India. Subsequently, the company can encourage employees to seek employment in the sectors. Strategic Control Strategic control refers to the process preferred by organisations to control the formulation of strategies. The employees involved in making strategies control the execution of strategies in haste. This is done by analysing the marketing situations and ensuring that the strategies are applied after careful consideration of the business factors. 7-Eleven need to control the execution of its strategies as the Indian economy can be unpredictable and can lead to severe problems for the company. Operational Control Larsen, Smith and Rosenbloom (2015) stated that operational control is required in order to ensure that the daily activities of an organisation are aligned with the target objectives and plans. This can help an organisation to identify any flaws in the management and ensure that necessary actions are taken for improving the conditions. 7-Eleven need to ensure that the company in India can motivate employees and educate them about the strategic and sustainable use and allocation of the resources of the organisation. This can help the company to remain focused on the purpose of expansion into the country. Marketing Control Marketing control is the manner in which the proposed marketing plans are monitored and controlled. Adjustments are made to the areas that required changes after the analysis of the market. It has been seen that objective and control co-exist simultaneously and helps in the formation of routes that can help an organisation to make effective strategic decisions. In the case of 7-Eleven, the company need to execute such marketing control policies so that the market of India can be analysed properly. Quality Control This refers to viewing the quality of all the factors that exist in the line of production. It is the duty of the managers to ensure that the qualities of products that are manufactured are consistent (Keegan and Green 2015). This can help in reducing criticism and satisfy the customers. 7-Eleven need to maintain the quality of products that it sold in the other markets to gain the loyalty of the customers. The qualities have to be excellent along with proper quantity and price to attract the attention of the local customers and gain an advantage in the Indian market. Financial Control The financial control of an organisation aims to achieve the desired return on investments. This can help an organisation to manage the finance by reducing the amount of bribes that are provided and other unnecessary investments in the business (Russo and Fouts 2017). This can be done by the use of financial statements such as budgets, operating ratios and other financial tools such as import and export factors. For 7-Eleven, it is another important factor to be considered in India as getting legal documents from the country requires costly procedures. Level of Involvement The level of involvement in the international market depends upon the business a country has in the cross-cultural business (Baker and Saren 2016). The level of involvement can be experimental as well as a policy decision. Either way, it may help an organisation to assess the external business environment of a country. Similarly, 7-Eleven can be involved in the market of India by analysing the profit level it can incur in the market. Hence, it can be recommended that 7-Eleven can secure a low level of involvement initially to analyse the success factors that can be attained. International Marketing Communication and decisions International Marketing Communication (IMC) outlines the essential elements that are required in the marketing framework. The vision, mission and objectives of a company drive the decisions that lead to the incorporation of the marketing mix strategies. According to Samaha, Beck and Palmatier (2014), the target market, segmentation and positioning of an organisation needs to be carefully addressed for the purpose of adapting locally and gaining competitiveness. A cross-reference needs to be made to confirm the points made after the initial analysis. IMC- International Marketing Communication process To ensure that 7-Eleven gain proper recognition in the market, it is necessary that the company set up target audience. This target audience needs to be the younger generation of the country that are involved in purchasing the products sold by 7-Eleven. This can help the company to maintain its competitiveness and ensure that the company can gain an advantage over the local markets that are established in the region of business. Determine communication objectives A communication objectives need to be similar to the marketing objectives of a company (Chen and Xie 2018). It needs to take into consideration the various factors that need to be analysed before setting up any marketing strategies. In this regard, it can be said that the communication objectives need to address the objectives of the company as well. For 7-Eleven, the marketing objective can be to increase profit by ensuring that proper advertising of the company is done in the Indian market. Establish the promotion budget In order to ensure that proper marketing is done, companies need to promote its products to the people. This can help in creating awareness among the customers and gain their attention towards the company (Narver and Slater 2014). However, it is important to consider the finances of the company before investing on the promotional activities. In the case of 7-Eleven, the promotional budget that the company can spend is about $130,000 that includes promotion via advertisement via television and endorsing a product placement policy. Decide on the promotion mix The promotion mix that needs to be undertaken will depend upon the budget of an organisation (Meenaghan 2017). Every organisation need to frame an annual budget keeping in mind the promotion technique that is being used. Hence, the promotion mix that can be adopted by 7-Eleven is the use of social networking sites and the advertisement of products using television and newspaper. This can help in reaching a greater number of audiences, as people of all generation are engulfed in watching television shows in India. Measure promotional results According to Baloi and Price (2013), the promotion of products is done by using various sources within the budget limit of a company. However, it is necessary that a proper promotional channel be selected so that it can be used to reach out to the customers regularly. In the case of 7-Eleven, the company need to estimate the finances required for the promotion of the products so that they can identify the proper method. The results obtained from the use of the promotional technique can be assessed by the amount of sales that a product encounters. Hence, this is another factor that needs to be considered before choosing a promotional method. Benefits of IMC process IMC can help in boosting the sales and consequently can contribute in building up the profit of an organisation. It helps in saving money, time and stress. According to Baker, Hozier Jr and Rogers (2017), the process involved in IMC provides comprehensive yet detailed steps that need to be followed so that the effectiveness of an organisation may increase. The implementation of pull and push strategies adopted in the process can help in satisfying customers by providing the type of product that they want. Conclusion The report can be used to convey knowledge about the importance of conducting an environmental analysis before expanding in international markets. The importance of the analysis is that it helps managers to prepare an organisation in a way that is guaranteed to bring about success. International Marketing Communication can help in identifying the essential elements required for marketing and provide organisations with an opportunity to exist in the market. Key findings To survive in a place like India, 7-Eleven need to provide unique products to the customers. The products need to be of good quality. Apart from this, the company need to abstain from undertaking unnecessary financial ventures that can be problematic for the company in the future. Advice intelligence and insights The external analysis helps in gaining an insight into the Indian market and the intelligence highlights the nature of the Indian market. The insights obtained from the analysis of the marketing environment can help 7-Eleven to cope up with the challenges that they may face in foreign countries after expansion. Relevant implications The implication of the International Marketing Communication can be relevant to the implication of marketing mix for the success of an organisation. The external environment also warrants the analysis of the marketing factors that are required for gaining a competitive advantage. Recommendations to the management The managers of 7-Eleven need to have enough financial resources to expand in India and ensure that no amount of bribes or Government policies that is irrelevant for business is documented. The advertising of the company need to be done via social media websites to reduce the cost of promotions. Reference 7-eleven.com. 2018.7-Eleven | Your Go-To Convenience Store for Food, Drinks, Fuel More. [online] Available at: https://www.7-eleven.com/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, K.G., Hozier Jr, G.C. and Rogers, R.D., 2017. Supply-side marketing: risks and benefits.Research Management,30(5), pp.26-30. Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Baloi, D. and Price, A.D., 2013. Modelling global risk factors affecting construction cost performance.International journal of project management,21(4), pp.261-269. Bloom, M. and Milkovich, G.T., 2018. Relationships among risk, incentive pay, and organizational performance.Academy of Management journal,41(3), pp.283-297. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Chen, Y. and Xie, J., 2018. Online consumer review: Word-of-mouth as a new element of marketing communication mix.Management science,54(3), pp.477-491. De Mooij, M., 2015. Cross-cultural research in international marketing: clearing up some of the confusion.International Marketing Review,32(6), pp.646-662. Dooley, M.P., 2018. Capital flight: a response to differences in financial risks.Staff Papers,35(3), pp.422-436. Fantazzini, D., Dalla Valle, L. and Giudici, P., 2018. Copulae and operational risks.International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management,9(3), pp.238-257. Henisz, W.J. and Zelner, B.A., 2013. The strategic organization of political risks and opportunities.Strategic Organization,1(4), pp.451-460. Keegan, W.J. and Green, M.C., 2015.Global marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Koh, A.C. and Wong, J.K., 2015. The Impact of International Marketing Research on Export Marketing Strategy: An Empirical Investigation. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 172-175). Springer, Cham. Larsen, T., Smith, B.A. and Rosenbloom, B., 2015. Culture and Communication in International Marketing Channels. InGlobal Perspectives in Marketing for the 21st Century(pp. 13-14). Springer International Publishing. Mathews, S., Bianchi, C., Perks, K.J., Healy, M. and Wickramasekera, R., 2016. Internet marketing capabilities and international market growth.International Business Review,25(4), pp.820-830. Meenaghan, T., 2017. The role of sponsorship in the marketing communications mix.International journal of advertising,10(1), pp.35-47. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Narver, J.C. and Slater, S.F., 2014. The effect of a market orientation on business profitability.The Journal of marketing, pp.20-35. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Petersen, J.A., Kushwaha, T. and Kumar, V., 2015. Marketing communication strategies and consumer financial decision making: The role of national culture.Journal of Marketing,79(1), pp.44-63. Russo, M.V. and Fouts, P.A., 2017. A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability.Academy of management Journal,40(3), pp.534-559. Samaha, S.A., Beck, J.T. and Palmatier, R.W., 2014. The role of culture in international relationship marketing.Journal of Marketing,78(5), pp.78-98. Schmid, S., Grosche, P. and Mayrhofer, U., 2016. Configuration and coordination of international marketing activities.International Business Review,25(2), pp.535-547.

Social Work Practice and Theory free essay sample

Professional practice requires you to be clear about the ideas that are guiding your thinking and influencing your practice’ (OKO 2008 p. 17). in the light of the above statement, analyse a piece of work that you have undertaken on placement, critically discuss and evaluate a particular aspect of the theoretical base, the rationale for applying this knowledge base to your practice, and to what extent your practice has benefited from this. Professional practice requires you to be clear about the ideas that are guiding you thinking and influencing your practice. In the light of the above statement my essay begins by illustrating the plight of disabled people, and the role of social services. What is also demonstrated is the legislation which developed as a result of the Seebohm Report. This is followed by signifying the value of assessment, and thus begins the starting point of my work with client X who had an inability to cope due to the admission of his mother to hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Practice and Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The significance of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 s. 7 and the FACS ‘Fair Access to Care Services’ are applied; this determines the eligibility of the client/s. The essay then goes on to discuss and evaluate personalisation and the theory attached to this and how I applied this to my practice in the work with client X and in what ways this benefited my practice. Lastly the essay addresses the issue of anti-discriminatory practice and concludes by showing how personalisation is a tool of empowerment for individuals who are part of adult services. Prior to 1970, help for disabled people and their families were only available through the health service (medical social workers) or voluntary organisations. During the 1950’s a few local authorities set up professional social work services which were staffed mainly by medical social workers and in some cases occupational therapists. Previous to the Seebohm Report welfare departments also offered services to disabled people, but the majority did not employ trained social workers, the support which was given was material help and information giving, and provision for residential care. The current role of social service departments emanate from the Seebohm Report which recommended the expansion of services for disabled people. Based on the Seebohm Report thus came the development of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970, this was followed by the social services departments and the recommendations on disability were incorporated into the additional Act the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 (Oliver and Sapey, 2006). In the mid 1980’s social services departments were under pressure first from disabled people who were dissatisfied with the lack of autonomy they could achieve through the design of personal care services (Shearer, 1984, cited in, Oliver and Sapey, 2006) and its inequitable distribution (Fielder, 1988, cited in, Oliver and Sapey, 2006) and second from the government who were concerned about the spiralling costs of welfare services for adults(Audit Commission, 1986, cited in, Oliver and Sapey, 2006). This resulted in the Disabled Persons (Services, Consultation and Representation) Act, 1986 this was the attempt to ensure that disabled people had a voice in the assessment of their needs (Oliver and Sapey, 2006). Coulshed and Orme (2006) stress the importance of the process of assessment which they note is core to social work practice. They further note that the organisation and delivery of social work services change and develop in response to political and economic reforms and that the assessment process is the one part of service delivery that depends on the skills, knowledge and values of those who have been educated and trained as social workers. Assessment is a key factor in the work with adult service users this establishes the nature and breadth of issues to be addressed for the individual. This will vary, and may include the availability of appropriate accommodation and access to regular health care; this may also include access to money whether through employment or the benefits system, this can be assistance with personal or domestic tasks, attention to the individual’s recreational and social needs and response to particular circumstances for example bereavement counselling or befriending networks (Davies, 2008). For the purpose of this essay I will make reference to client X who is male and 52 years of age, this client is listed as having a physical disability and is registered blind. A review was required and would include a holistic assessment of the client’s needs there were concerns regarding his ability to cope. Client X is stated on the system as having a physical disability and is registered blind, care is provided daily for personal care and preparation of breakfast. Client X was living with his mother who was his main carer although this was not official. Client X is very attached and dependent on his mother having lived with her all his life this was where the difficulty lay in learning to cope with everyday living as his mother was admitted to hospital due to ill health. In the article by Bradley and Cafferty ‘ Attachment among older adults: Current issues and directions for future research (2001), it has been found that ‘Individuals who tend to view their close relationships as characterized by ambivalence, dependency, or conflict are likely to experience maladjusted grieving following the loss of an attachment figure’ (p. 215). Client X is noted on file as having a drinking problem and this increased as his mother was admitted to hospital. His sister had called the office on several occasions as she was anxious about his physical well-being and the state of the property that he is living in. Having called the office the brother of client X also had concerns of the state of the property and that client X was drinking as he had seen empty bottles of spirits when he had helped client X to clear his room, he also stated that client X was not eating properly. The brother’s request was that client X needed extra help to clear the property and also help to prepare regular meals, the brother also wanted to be part of the review. As this would be not only just a review but an observation of my assessment skills I informed the brother that my supervisor would be present he agreed to this and the appointment date was then set. The starting point for any adult wishing to access social care services is the NHS and Community Care Act 1990’ (Gardener 2011 p. 38). s. 47 this provides all local authorities with a duty to offer an assessment to anyone who appears to have a social care need. This part of the process is carried out to make an initial assessment and more recently Fair Access to Care (FACs) (DoH, 2003c) this is used to determine eligibility and is a national eligibility framework for allocating social care resources fairly (Gardener, 2011). In 2003 the eligibility criteria was introduced this is divided into four categories: critical, substantial, moderate and low. The council in which I am on placement use these four categories and also the twelve domains suggested by the Department of Health, this is endorsed by in Control the twelve domains are: * Physical and mental health and well – being * Eating and drinking: nutritional needs * Keeping yourself safe * Looking after yourself: meeting personal care needs * Day to day/household tasks * Being a part of the community Work and learning * Making decisions and organising my life * Managing my actions and choices * Relationships and roles: Parent, carer or looking after someone else * The help I can get from family and friends ( taken from the councils intranet) These domains assist me to meet the needs of the client X and any other clients that I will assess. During the process of the review I also ask the client about his mother, the client states that when she became ill he was collecting her prescriptions and doing some of the house-hold tasks. During supervision I am told by my P. E that with this assessment that my focus needed to be on the client and not the needs of the mother as she had been allocated a social worker to meet her requirements , this was a learning curve for me and something that I will bear in mind for future assessments. In the application of the eligibility criteria the guidance on this stresses the need to ensure that in applying this it prioritises individual need and that local councils are not neglecting the needs of the wider population. The guidance still allows councils to operate the four categories in addressing eligible needs but also requires the council to consider presenting needs, that may not be as serious and may not meet the criteria but service users may still benefit from some level of support (Gardener 2011). For example the council in which I am on placement do not provide provision for those who have low or moderate needs the client is then signposted to other services that will meet their requirements; this can include prevention services or re-enablement. Client X has substantial needs and therefore met the criteria for extra services. The services which were provided and commissioned to the client were two extra visits per day of 30 minutes this would provide the client with the help to prepare meals so that he would be eating on a regular basis. The client also still has the service that he received previously which was for personal care and help to prepare breakfast. As illustrated previously for many adult services users in England the provisions of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 are a major feature. This Act, together with its connected guidance and directions provided the framework for service provision for adult service users. The Green Paper, Independence, Well Being and Choice (Department of Health, 2005b, cited in, Davies 2008) and the subsequent White Paper, Our Health, Our Care, Our Say, (Department of Health, 2006a cited in, Davies 2008) this was together with the cross department strategy document Improving the Life Chances of Disabled People (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit et al. , 2005, cited in, Davies, 2008) have set out the agenda for adult social care. This is based on the principle that clients should be able to have greater control over their lives, this is with strategies that deliver personalised rather than uniform services this is referred to as personalisation (Davies, 2008). The origins of personalisation lie in the field of information technology, and are associated with think tank demos and in particular Charles Leadbetter a journalist and writer. Leadbetters writings on personalisation, social work and social care have been extremely influential (Ferguson, 2007). Leadbetter views ‘personalisation as a way out of the impasse within which professional social work finds itself’ (Ferguson, p. 390). One of the major features of personalisation is direct payments, presently services are purchased by councils, and the costs of services are needed in order to allocate an appropriate level of direct payment if that is what the client requests (Mandelstam, 2005). Direct payments came into force on 1 April 1997 this gave the local authority the power to make payments to disabled people between the ages of 18-65(Gardener, 2011). A particular aspect of direct payments is that the client needs to have the mental capacity to be able to purchase their own care. Direct payments are made to clients who are eligible; this is for those who are receiving non-residential community care services. The service to be purchased also has to reasonably meet the need of the client, additionally that he or she consents to payment and they are able to manage this without assistance. The main purpose of direct payments is to give service users greater independence and control over their daily lives (Mandelstam, 2005). The process of personalisation ensures that the service user is placed at the centre of each stage of the process from assessment through to support planning and finally to review. Thus social workers must adopt a person centred approach to their work (Gardener, 2011). With client X, I needed to include him at every stage of the assessment process to meet his present and immediate needs, other needs would met through other services. For example client X was socially isolated, I was advised by my P. E to connect him with the Reablement Officer who works with the visually impaired my P. E contacted him so that a joint visit would be arranged, I would then be able to observe the type of assessment this would consist of. My support plan for this client also included a referral to an association for the blind who offer support and assistance in the form of household tasks, reading correspondence and the provision of curricular activities; I felt that this would be of great importance to this client in order for him to have greater control and independence. Client X also needed assistance with housing as there is a possibility that his mother will not be returning home due to her ill health. This created a dilemma for me as the client professed the wish to stay in the family home and the brother felt that he should have some type of supported accommodation as he feels that client X has some mental health issues, and would be unable to cope. My solution to this was to still apply for housing for the client and to advise him of his rights as well as making the brother aware of the rights of the client to stay in the family home. The above requires that you adopt a person centred planning approach and seek to use what is important to the individual as the focus for developing support and change (Gardener, 2011). Person centred planning was developed initially among service users with physical disabilities and represents a move against the notion of counselling which is associated with medical and tragedy models of disability (Coulshed and Orme 2006). This model of practice is a key method for delivering the personalisation objectives in the Putting People First Programme for social care (DoH, 2008b, cited in, Gardener, 2011). Putting People First recognises that person-centred planning and self directed support are central to delivering personalisation and maximising choice and control. Person-centred planning is a way of discovering what people want the support they need and how they can get it. It is based on evidence based practice that assists people in leading an independent and inclusive life. Person-centred planning is both an empowering philosophy and a set of tools for change, at an individual, a team and an organisational level. It shifts power from professionals to people who use services (DoH, 2007) A statement affirming the role of social work for the delivery of Putting People First in England has been issued by ADASS, the Department of Health, Skills for Care, BASW and the Social Care Association (in conjunction with the Joint University Council Social Work Education Committee, SCIE and the GSCC) It clarifies the vital contribution of social work to personalisation, acknowledging it as an international, value-based profession. The statement sets out the purpose of social work and its distinct contributions, particularly those relating to better outcomes and increased control and independence for people who use services, their carers, families and the wider community (Carr, 2010). Although the term personalisation is relatively recent, it has grown from a number of different ideas and influences. Personalisation originates at least in part as previously noted from social work values. Good social work practice has always involved putting the individual first; values such as respect for the individual- and self determination have long been at the heart of social work In this sense the underlying philosophy of personalisation is familiar (Carr 2010). Respect for the individual can also be evaluated in terms of the kantian philosophy which focuses on the content of morality, explicitly stating how we should treat other people (Banks 2006). Self determination this is regarded as an important principle in social work and can be viewed from the deontological position in that self determination is a right and part of what it means to be human. In the context of social work this is also a utilitarian argument as it adopts a form of practice that promotes the service users belief in their ability to manage their own lives. This approach also enables the service user to cope with more of their own problems and will be a satisfactory outcome for him or /her. For example with the client X with the employment of the values and method of practice used ‘utilitarian’ this helped the client to see that he was a valued individual and that he had the ability to cope with the changes that were happening in his life. On reflection I now acknowledge that client X became more self sufficient and confident in his abilities. The Utilitarian approach is also seen as a much more efficient use of resources than an approach which requires the service user to come to the social worker for assistance over a long period of time (Beckett and Maynard, 2008). Social work and its values can potentially shape the responses to personalisation of the entire health and social care workforce. The values are listed as listening, empowering individuals, recognizing and addressing potential conflict, safeguarding needs and the capacity of individuals, being sensitive to diversity and putting people in control should be central to the way staff and services treat people from the first point of contact (Carr, 2010). Thompson (2001) asserts that social work with disabled people has never achieved priority status and has been marginalised as a minority special interest, often receiving minimal attention on professional qualifying courses. Furthermore it has often been subsumed within medical discourse and distanced from mainstream social work but parallel with health related social work. It has thus been given low status, low levels of funding and little attention in terms of research and professional development. This Thompson (2001) states is discriminatory and symptomatic of the marginalisation and negatively valued position of disabled people and the issues that are related to their well-being . This has become known as disablism a form of systematic discrimination and prejudice against people with disabilities, this produces a milieu of oppression and degradation. It is the social model of disability which underpins the concept of disablism; this is alongside sexism, racism, and ageism. Disablism as well as the above can be seen as a form of discrimination against disabled people based on the stereotypical view that such people are dependent. The provision of care provided to this group is seen as disabling rather than enabling as there is the misguided emphasis on helping people to become more independent through the provision of care (Thompson, 2001). This view is seen as placing power in the hands of professionals, however as illustrated in this essay the utilitarian approach challenges this perception as it gives the individual the belief of their ability to manage their own lives. To conclude personalisation for adult social services is not just about the provision of services but practising in a person centred way. This means working in a way that people who use the services have as much control over their lives as other people. As confirmed in this essay this could be with the use of a person centred plan, usage of direct payments or a personal budget to provide their own support and care and employ their own staff. Additional aspects of personalisation include prevention and early intervention, workers supporting people early enough so that they do not require complex and intensive services. Types of provision may include support and modern equipment to stay at home, services provided in their community such as the support provided for client X, services which shorten their stay in hospital and support provided to keep people well and safe. Lastly and more importantly the support of community networks means that people can be independent from services.

Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay Example

Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay Example Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay The objective of this paper is to show how that all major advancements in newer versions of Windows are accompanied with a new set of headaches in the form of slower processing speed, frequent hang-ups and other technical issues. For example, according to a poll, the two biggest problems associated with Windows Vista were â€Å"the lack of proper drivers (36% of votes) and lots of application compatibility issues (36% of votes).† This indicates that the main headache for Vista users is finding applications which are compatible, or drivers which function properly. (Vista for Beginners, 2007) Dunn’s (2008) article explains the reasons behind some of the most frequent complaints end users have with Windows, and provides solutions with detailed directions as to how to relieve themselves of these issues. The issues stated in this paper focus on ones which result in slowing down your pc. Slow Start – up:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most frequent problems that end-users face is that their computers take too long to boot up. Dunn’s article explains that this might be because while starting up, Windows is loading numerous hardware drivers which the end-user might not even be using. : To rid yourself of this problem, it is imperative that one should uninstall all hardware drivers which are not being used. However, while doing so, careful choices must be made, to ensure that you accidently don’t uninstall a driver which will be needed. To negate the effect of such an error, it is advised that you create a restore point in System Restore before uninstalling anything.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason for slow start up is that once you have installed a network connection on your computer, Windows will automatically restore that connection whenever the computer is booted up. Resuming connections takes time; therefore it is advised that you drop all the connections you are not using. This will result in a speedier start-up. Also, if a particular connection is being used only for a particular session, you can ensure that the Reconnect at logon option is unchecked in the Tools ·Map Network Drive command in Explorer.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slow start up can also be the result of too many programs which automatically start running when Windows boots up. By clearing up this clutter, you can help your system boot up faster. Restoring Data: Some versions of Windows store data but do not restore them when needed. This wastes CPU cycles and storage space, unnecessarily slowing down processing speed, which happens in due course when too many files are stored on the Windows disk. A solution to this problem has been mapped out in the article. Also, other problems include that files meant to be deleted, are actually saved in a folder called â€Å"Windows Old†. This, again, would slow the computer down and increase the clutter, as the fewer items there are in the pc’s memory, the faster the processing speed would be. (Windows Vista Problems, 2008) Slow Speed Another common complaint is that the processing speed of certain CPUs is too slow, even if they are relatively new.   The speed that Windows operates at can be improved with the help of performance tools designed to maximize memory, disk space and other resources. Slow speed of network connections is also a problem. Even if you pay for a network connection every month, but if your routers are not up to date, the speed of the connection may not be as fast as its potential.   If your router does not support the latest technologies, you can purchase one which does, or upgrade an existing router. Security The problem here is that logging on to Windows as a standard user is too restrictive, and logging on as an administrator is too risky. Risk comes in the form of malware gaining access to your computer, slowing down the speed and acting as an impediment to normal processing. There are ways, however, to sign in as an administrator and still have tools in place which would block unauthorized access. Another potential security problem is posed by Autoplay, which enables faster launch of video and audio streams when using CD-ROMs, as well as flash drives and external hard drives that you connect to your PC.   The threat here is that if a virus enters the one of these devices, Autoplay can leave a clear path for the malware to the rest of the system.   Therefore, it is advised that Autoplay be disabled for all these devices. Web Browser Sometimes Internet Explorer ceases to operate as a web browser for Windows. It is needed at this point to return all Explorer settings to their default settings and restart. At other times, the Web Browser you are using may become extremely slow, and surfing the internet can become a nuisance. If surfing has become extremely slow, it might be because the PC has a virus. Windows’ susceptibility to viruses can be minimized with the help of an anti-virus or firewall. Alternatively, the problem may lie within the browser itself. In this case, you can either install a new browser or the latest version of your current browser. The browser may also have become slow as a result of plug-ins or add-ons. In such a case, it would be a good idea to disable all plug-ins and see if the problem is resolved. Spam The most common problem that Windows users have is spam mail. It is one of the most contributing factors to slower speed, as it unnecessarily takes up huge amounts of storage space. The most helpful tool to sort out spam mail is SpamBayes, a program which uses algorithms to sort out mails. Disk Checking If disk checking is to be manually done, it may take a lot of time. Therefore, people might choose to skip disk checking, and in doing so, will over look bugs and errors which would result in slowing down of the computer. The obvious solution is to automate disk checking so it is less cumbersome for the end user. Defragmenting If defragmenting does not take place, retrieval of stored files will take much longer. End-users usually fret from defragmenting files manually, as it is a technical task and too difficult and time consuming for most. The easiest solution is to let Windows defragment files stored on the hard disk, hence speeding up the process of retrieving files. Shutting Down Windows also has problems shutting down, in terms of speed and convenience. There are ways, however, to make it quicker. In Vista, for example, you can click the Start button, type power options, and press Enter. In the upper left, you then choose what the power button does. Next you select the Shut down options. Finally, you click Save Changes. Restarting In some instances, there are problems which occur when restarting your computer. For example, in certain instances, every time you restart your computer, you receive a â€Å"System has recovered from a serious error† message, even if there might be no error or bug in your pc. After this problem begins to occur, you are prompted report this information after every restart. â€Å"This problem occurs because after a Minidump file is written, the paging file continues to have a flag set that indicates that a Minidump file must be written.† (Microsoft Help and Support, 2007) Such problems act as an impediment when working on the pc, as these messages waste time and tend to frustrate the end user. They can be resolved by re-installing the latest available version of Windows. Conclusion This paper has outlined some of the most frequent problems faced by Windows users, with special focus on those which slow down processing speed of the pc. Most these problems have easy solutions, which have been given in detail in Dunn’s (2008) article. References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2007). Windows vista’s biggest problem. Retrieved   June 15, 2008. From: Website: vista4beginners.com/Windows-Vista-problems. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2008) Windows Vista Problems. Retrieved 15 June 2008. From: Website: http://coconuter.blogspot.com/2008/04/windows-vista-problems.html. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2007) You receive a â€Å"system has recovered from a serious error† message after every restart. From Website: http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=317277. Microsoft help and support.

Management & Organisational Behaviour - The Change is Coming Essay

Management & Organisational Behaviour - The Change is Coming - Essay Example In case of Tracey Foods Production, employee motivation is likely to go down because of the expected changes in the organizational systems. In this case, it is the responsibility of the managers to take effective steps to build the level of employee motivation to make them put their efforts in increasing the productivity of the company. Communication with employees and other staff members is also necessary in order to make organizational changes effective and result-oriented. Moreover, the top management of the company also needs to take effective steps to restructure the culture and work approach in order to make the company accomplish its goals effectively and efficiently. Answer 1: 1. Need for Increasing Motivation Motivation is the key to increased employee productivity. It is imperative for the management of a company to take effective steps to build employee motivation. Williams (2010, p. 1) states, â€Å"Motivating people to do their best work, consistently, has been an endur ing challenge for executives and managers†. However, employee and management motivation could be affected due to the changes that are brought within an organization due to the variability in internal and external environment. ... Those human needs include need for power, need for affiliation, and need for achievement. The top management of Tracey Food Production can use this theory to make employees aware of their needs of power and achievement which can ultimately be used for increasing the motivation level of employees in spite of of the all anticipated changes. 2.1 Need for Power One of the needs of employees is power. Employees want to be included in decision-making matters, as well as in other managerial affairs to some extent. To build employee motivation companies can share some management power with the key employees. They can also involve the employees in decision-making matters to make them feel valued. Moreover, consulting employees in making different business strategies, as well as in setting employee benefit strategies can also prove effective for a company. It is a fact that every employee wants to be taken into consideration during the phase of decision-making or strategy development. Therefor e, if Tracey Food considers these needs of employees while developing or implementing strategies, the results would definitely be good for the company. for example, if the management invites employees to give their suggestions in business planning, they will feel valued and the level of their motivation increase will increase as well. 2.2 Need for Achievement The need for achievement is the need of an individual to accomplish his/her personal and professional goals. Tracey Food Production can make employees aware of the importance of achieving company’s goals in a timely manner. The top management of the company can motivate the employees to work hard to get better job positions which can play a significant role in the accomplishment of their personal goals. Moreover,

FRS 5 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FRS 5 - Case Study Example The principle of FRS says that legal characterisation of the transaction should not be affected. The principle of the FRS 5 can be discussed through two factors. 1) Features of more complex Transactions. The link between the transactions should be created as that the commercial effect can be made out, considering the entire series. It should be ensured that with the separation of legal title, exposure of the risk inherent in the benefits can also be possible. Inclusion of the option is also necessary. There are certain transactions, those are accompanied by an option instead of commitment to the original owner or to the owner to repurchase or to the buyer to resell.2) Assessing commercial effect by considering the position of other parties. While assessing the commercial effect, it is important to consider the position of the related parties to it along with the motives of agreeing to its apparent expectation. It is important to have commercial logic to all of the related parties irr espective of whatever the substance of transaction is. Regarding the recognition of an item in the balance sheet, there are two conditions that it has to fulfil after meeting the definition of assets or liabilities. Those conditions are as follows: If there is an appropriate evidence of the benefit of future inflow or outflow along with the sufficient evidence of the existence of the item.The item should be measured by the monetary aspects.. Basically, FRS 5 has two key paragraphs which indicate the disclosure required for the complex transactions.

Brief Description On The Milk Scandal Commerce Essay

Brief Description On The Milk Scandal Commerce Essay The toxic milk scandal became public in August 2008 with the disclosure that the baby formula produced by Sanlu was contaminated with melamine, which caused kidney failure among the babies who consumed it. However, until the Chinese Health Ministry confirmed on Sep 12, 2008, that the milk powder produced by Sanlu was contaminated by melamine, neither the government nor the company took any actions to warn the public. Later, government inspections reported that the products of 21 other dairy firms were also contaminated with melamine. Even as the milk scandal unfolded, many countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, Australia, and Indonesia rushed to ban Chinese dairy products. Foreign companies which sold China made products or products which used Chinese ingredients had to recall their products. overview of food industry business ethics Significance of business ethics Nowadays, the issue of business ethics comes to peoples mind more frequently especially in the food industry since food are the essential items for human and it will affect our health directly. In 2004, the use of hair in the production of soya sauce was exposed and made headlines in the press. Moreover, there is many more news about China how they use very cheap material like industrial acid and oil to mix into their food products in order to minimize the introduction costs. As a developing country, business in China is developing very rapidly. It is now playing a more decisive role in social life and almost all people would be involved in business activities. As a result, unethical business behavior would have negative influence towards society. Hence, society is now more concerned with the issue of business ethics. Since the Chinese foods are now exported all over the world, ethical practice of Chinese enterprise issues are the key factors to be success. General perception on business ethics in food industry There is much news recently that related to food safety in world wide. Therefore, consumers have three types of ethical concerns toward food industry. Methods of Production and Distribution The production of food raises a number of issues that need to be considered. The packaged food industry essentially consists of manufacturing using farm produce. Clearly hygiene, quality control, health and safety considerations are of great importance. The following are among the issues that should be considered as per my knowledge: 1. Animal welfare in the meat products industry. 2. Use of child or bonded labour, or employment of illegal immigrants. 3. The International Labor Organization (ILO) standards provide useful benchmarks in this area. 4. Improper use of the pesticides, antibiotics, and other chemicals. 5. Misuse of water resources and the consequent impact on local farmers 6. Good quality control of the food supply 7. Ensure the material supply and healthy to human 8. Use environmental friendly packaging as much as possible for the packaging 9. Inform the actual gradients of the food contented 10. Inform the public immediately once unhealthy food was produced and distribute to market According to our observation toward Chinese business, their objective of the business is only generating profits as much as possible. The ethical senses are not significance within the society. Reason behinds the widespread sufferings of the infants According to the case content, there is several factors lead to this hazard. On Sanlu In fact, Sanlu acknowledged the problem far beyond the serious ha affects hazard explored in 2008. From the case content, there were several customer complained the problem to Sanlu about the ill effect of taking the milk by infants. However, Sanlu chose not to launch this news to alarm general public due to they do not wanted to affect its sales and image. In addition, they were not willing to import the sophisticated milk test machine from overseas. On Government First, we believed that Chinese government has too much confidence on the self governance by the enterprise especially on Sanlu these big companies. One of the regulations implemented was the inspection-free policy. A company would not be required to undergo inspection for a period of 3 years if it can meet the following three requirements: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Product with stable quality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High market share à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ passed the inspection for more than 3 consecutive times However, past performance did not reflect that there will be not problems in future. Since, the demand of Chinese milk increased significantly and the milk supply source has been polluted, the problem got serious in 2008. If Chinese government inspected the quality of Sanlu continuously, the situation will be under controlled. Moreover, the respond of the milk incident was too slow to control the situation. The Shijiazhang government and the Communist Party of China did not report about the said issue to the provincial and state level authorities till 9 Sep, 2008. At that time, about 53000 infants were already affected. On the steadily growth market and growth strategy of Sanlu Since there is high demand in milk industry and there is not strict control over the milk supply, more and more farmer and agent joined the supply market for making money. The situation got worse after the Mengniu and Yili enter into the Hebei market because the supply of milk was tight in this fast growth market. Since the milk demand from Sanlu and other company increased steadily, the market collection station cannot get enough milk for production. Since it is a profitable market to sell milk to these producers, many middlemen aroused and sell the milk to Sanlu directly. They were not ethical enough since they had diluted the milk to increase the supply volume for more profit and they added this melamine into the milk which was harmful to infants. Since not quality inspection from milk station, this toxic milk was finally gone into the market and lead to the milk scandal finally. Sanlu also needed to responsible on this issue since its growth strategy in market share made they ign ore the quality control by milk station and make this incident. Finally, the covered error of the milk scandal did not made the problem dismissed. Reversely, it generated a serious problem not only about the image destroyed of Sanlu its own but also the image of Chinese milk products, hundred thousand of farmer made not income and needed to kill all of their cows as well as thousands of infant were suffered from Kidney stone. If proper action has been done, the situation will be better. Sanlu and Government actions toward the milk scandal On September 17, 2008, the Chinese Health Minister, announced that melamine contaminated milk had led to more than 6,200 children falling ill in the country and over 150 children suffered acute kidney failure. Six days later it was announced that four children had died and the number of children falling ill had increased to 54,000. On Sanlus production and management actions On September 12, 2008, the Hebei provincial government ordered Sanlu to stop production after preliminary investigation confirmed that melamine contaminated baby formula was the reason for kidney stones among children. The company was also ordered to stop sales of all brands of its baby formula, recall its products, and destroy all the products that were unsold and recalled. Also Sanlu set up a fund of 800,000,000 yuan, which 700,000,000 yuan was estimated to be the compensation amount that the compensation amount that the company needed to pay to its customer such as refund, hospital expenses and compensation on sick or death of the infants. On September 15, 2008, Sanlu had issued a public apology of its role in the milk scandal. Zhang Zhenling (Zhenling), Vice President of Sanlu, read out a letter of apology at a news conference in Shijiazhuang, The serious safety accident of the Sanlu formula milk powder for infants has caused severe harm to many sickened babies and their families. We feel really sad about this. Sanlu Group expresses its most sincere apology to you. We solemnly declare we will recall all the infant milk powder produced prior to August 6. And for those produced after that date, we will also make a recall if consumers have doubts and worries.15 Later, Sanlu also sacked Wenhua. On Government actions The Health Ministry informed the World Health Organization, Hong Kong, and Macaus health departments, the New Zealand Embassy in China, and the press about the melamine contamination in baby formula. The Ministry also announced that a free medical checkup would be given to affected children. It sent medical specialists to hospitals across China to help treat the affected children. Started from September 2008, the Chinese government started a nationwide inspection of baby milk powder. It announced that liquid milk products including packaged milk and yoghurt would be checked for melamine contamination. On September 16, 2008, GAQSIQ announced an inspection of all Chinese baby milk powder makers and found traces of melamine in 69 batches of baby formula produced by 22 companies including brands like Mengniu,12 Yili,13 and Bright Dairy.14 After the inspection, these dairy firms were ordered to stop new production and sale of dairy products. As the milk scandal escalated, steps were also taken against some government officials. While some of them were sacked, some of them resigned owning moral responsibility. On September 17, 2008, Ji Chuntang, Vice-Secretary of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Mayor of Shijiazhuang, was removed from his job. Earlier, four officials including the Vice Mayor in charge of agricultural production, the Director of Shijiazhuang Municipal Animal Husbandry and Fishery Bureau, the Director of Shijiazhuang Municipal Food and Drug Administration, and the Director of Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision were dismissed. On September 22, 2008, Li Changjiang, the Director of GAQSIQ, resigned. On September 26, 2008, four executives of Sanlu including Wenhua were arrested for producing and selling sub-standard products. Milk dealers and suppliers were also arrested for selling contaminated milk to dairy companies. Jiabao, the then Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China, said, The government will put more efforts into food security, taking the incident as a warning. What we are trying to do is to ensure no such event happens in future, by punishing those responsible leaders as well as enterprises. None of those companies lacking professional ethics or social morals will be let off.16 In an effort to restore confidence among domestic and international consumers, the Chinese government introduced a new set of quality control standards which included strict limits for melamine in dairy products. In the case of infant formula, the limit was set at one milligram of melamine per kilogram and the limit for liquid milk at 2.5 milligrams per kilogram. On October 09, 2008, in an effort to stimulate the dairy industry of China, the Chinese government announced an emergency rescue plan for the affected dairy farmers. The government planned to give 300 million Yuan in subsidy. In addition, the interest rate for loans granted to dairy producers to buy raw milk was also reduced by 3 percent for the period between October and December in 2008. Some local governments in China had also promised to give a subsidy to the dairy farmers. For example, the Hebei province had allocated 316 million Yuan (US$46.4 million) as subsidies to dairy farmers. The dairy companies in China had to recall several thousand tons of melamine contaminated milk products. Sanlu was ordered to recall its products immediately after the Hebei provincial government found melamine contamination in its baby formula. After GAQSIQ had found melamine contamination in the products of 22 Chinese dairy companies, they were also asked to recall their products. On October 15, 2008, GAQSIQ ordered recall of all dairy products made before September 14, 2008. According to a notice issued by the agency, All supermarkets, shops, and all city, town, and village-level vendors will urgently remove and seal up all milk powder and liquid milk made before September, pending further testing. On December 27, 2008, it was announced by the Chinas Dairy Industry Association that the affected children and their families would get compensation from the 22 companies found guilty of producing and selling contaminated milk powder. According to the statement issued by the Association, The enterprises offered to shoulder the compensation liability. By doing so, they hope to earn understanding and forgiveness of the families of the sickened children. The money for compensation is in place now and will soon be handed to the people who have custody of the sickened children through various channels. If the babies suffer from relative after-effects, all medical fees will be covered by the fund. In a letter sent to the victims and their families by these 22 companies, the compensation amount was specifically mentioned for sick children, for those who were suffering from kidney failure, and for families whose kids had died because of the tainted milk powder. It was also mentioned in the l etter that dairy producers would set up a fund to pay the medical costs of the children who were ill, until they reached the age of 18. On January 22, 2009, two people were sentenced to death for their involvement in the Chinese milk scandal. Wenhua was given a life imprisonment and three other executives were given imprisonment from five to fifteen years In my personal opinion, the government failed to supervise product quality responsible. The effectiveness of the regulatory environment in China is slow in disclosure the hazard as well as makes prompt action to stop it. According to some research in the internet, there were many government departments to monitor food safety in China. As there was no single agency to look after all product safety regulations and enforcement in the country and there was no clear hierarchy of agencies, the duties of different departments often overlapped. Recommendations to Sanlu to recover its goodwill as well as Chinese milk industry toward global Investors who had already invested in the Chinese dairy industry were worried about regaining consumers confidence. In this respect it means consumers are now thinking twice before purchasing such products, so the key challenge now is to regain the consumers trust. As you can recall the case from Hong Kong, Vitasoy milk and Lemon tea also suffer from big hazard of the pollution in production line and made the milk turns sour in around ten years old. We believed as a well known organization with market leadership role, they can recover their goodwill step by step like Vita Corporation in order to gain the customer confidence again as below. However, the situation in Hong Kong is much easier to turnover since the government and the legislation control is much strict and clear to follow. If Sanlu would like to gain back the image, both Sanlu and Government needed to do something to ensure the quality of their products is healthy and safe to customer usage. We believe that ethical business environment is the key issue to recover the confidence from general public on the Chinese milk production On Government Regulations To avoid similar incident happen again, implementing of new issues and regulations are necessary. For example, AQSIQ should have regular and sudden inspection on the quality of products. The food industry inspection should be in random and strictly follow the international standard norm. Laws and ethics Nonetheless, only depends on laws, it is not sufficient to ensure the problem would not exist in future. It is more difficult to depend on enterprise to follow the law in PRC such the corruption and education level is not high. There are many acts that are legal but unethical. And there are also many people use money to change illegal to legal by cover the problem or override the checking from government. As in the milk scandal, the use of small amount of melamine was legal because it is not harmful to adult; there was no regulation on it. It is clear that laws cannot fully control human behavior; as law is only norm to control people behave. However, for business ethics, the standard is much higher than that of laws. It is because as a highly ethical company, their goals are not only profit but also care of the public as well as their customer. Ethics is not concerned only with peoples behavior. It is a standard for our core values. As an individual or a company, in addition to bein g legal, being ethical is the key which shows that their values are of higher standard rather than meeting the minimum requirement only. As a ethical corporation, Sanlu should use the concept that customers babies are their babies, they will not give some harmful materials or potential harmful ingredient towards their own babies. They should care the health of all babies although add melamine and dilute milk can be acceptable to increase production. Education on general public Peoples behavior is actually influenced by norm, attitude and values from the society and most likely are from their own family. Changes in norm, attitude and values are very important for improving business ethics. We believed that it is the value of Chinese enterprise was too famous on profit and do not know clearly what ethical standard they needed. Hence, on top of implementation of measures and regulations, education on both top management and employees would be the most fundamental way to do so. For example, government can improve more foreign consultant and special to teach ethic and made speech in university to raise the concern of general public and know they can do it profitability like coca cola, nestle as well as PG etc. On Sanlu itself Ethic knowledge training Unethical issues cannot be done by only one level. If the ethical standards are enough in the company, they will carry out a mutual inspection on other actions toward ethic enterprise. For example, before employees go to their working positions, the company should provide ethics training, covering ethical issues and addressing the rules, compliance requirement and the corporate values to their employees. Let employees realize the importance of business ethics for the company as well as their own. During training, discussions on cases of ethical dilemma and analysis with employees are valuable in developing employees awareness of business ethics and ethical competency. Furthermore, the company should communicate information about the reporting mechanisms with all employees. When there is any unethical behavior, employees can report to the company immediately. This would be the most efficient way to discover any problems and take prompt actions to solve them. Quality control process and crisis management Since Sanlus image was totally damaged in this incident, we recommend that Sanlu can import the modern of art testing machine for strict quality control and the production chain should be more transparent toward general public. They can set up a additional inspection team which contains outsiders from other milk industrys expert and also foreign country representative to investigate the production channel, sourcing as well as the healthy and safety level on its our products. Therefore, the general public may slowly regain its confidence on Sanlus milk products. Also, the management team should have a knowledge sharing about the investors New Zealand industry on how they manufacture the milk and ensure the required process and ethical norm can be implemented in Sanlu to regain the image from global market. Once the incident happened again, Sanlu should know how to reduce the negative effect toward customer like stop production immediately, message general public timely and recall all affected products from retailer and dealers in order to show their sophisticated experience in crisis management. Like Vita group, we believe that the market will accept their products again. In conclusion, we believe that the critical factor on this incident and regain image of Sanlu in the case is all about ethics. We believed that the technology and expertise in China are enough to produce healthy and safety products. However, their action has been affected by the norm to earn as much money as possible in short period of time by legal but no ethical actions. In order to reduce the negative image toward Chinese product such as foods, drinks, electronic and toy. Chinese government should pay more effort on improve the ethical standard by education and control of the government officials. If they cannot to do so, the short-term goal of Chinese enterprise toward profits without concern on general public would affect the development of the economy of whole Chinese market.