Steinhouse Knitting Mills - 1083 Words

Primary problem: Sine 1988 , sales had been declining steadily. Evidence: 1988 sales-$ 7.5million; 1993-$3.5 million; 1998-$2.7million. Situation Analysis A Environment 1.Low-wage developing countries with an abundant supply of labour provide tough competition to Canada. 2Growing popularity of the ‘ big and tall size’. 3 Trend to ‘dressing down’ or ‘ casual days’ 4 The weather over last few years has hurt business.( Winters were warm) 5 Fashion business usually changes fast. 6 The low value of Canadian dollar relative to the U.S dollar. Summary of environmental opportunities and threats: Opportunities: a Serving ‘big and tall size ‘customer groups and market segments; b. Low value of CDN dollar means lower price for American,†¦show more content†¦B Make bigger push into the USA market Use the strengths of duty free, low exchange rate of CDN dollar and convenient transportation, make a bigger push into the USA. Produce a lot more ‘ Big and Tall’ size and focus on the European style which is different from USA local market. C Make a bigger step into sport-shirt manufacturing business Continue supplying traditional main products, but open a eye on potential new business partners, Based on the JMD success experiences , find out chance to enter Man`s sport T shirt manufacturing business markets. Implementations: 1 Get rid of 10 old machines and buy 10 new modern one;10 old one continue to manufacture the inventory of acrylic/wool sweaters and increase ‘Big and tall’ size;10 new ones would used to produce high-gauge sweaters and mixed cashmere sweaters. 2 Hire several in-house designers to design new styles according to different segments customers` demands; 3 Import some sweaters from low-wage countries labels the brand name Etcetera which target downmarket. 4 Import cashmere from china if the cost lower then $75($50*1.5)/ per sweater. 5 Reset the price for different brands. 6 Use multiple marketingShow MoreRelatedCase Study Steinhouse Knitting Mills (Canada)1608 Words   |  7 PagesLegal: The Apparel industry in general and particularly the Sweater industry is facing problems of declining sales and increased overheads. Steinhouse operates in the higher price band and this sector is dominated by named brands such as Polo and others and departmental stores and the customers prefer such brands over the lesser-known brands such as Steinhouse. Large retailers such as Walmart, prefer to buy directly in bulk from low wage countries such as Bangladesh, China and others. The US market

Drugs And Politics The War On Drugs Essay - 2157 Words

Drugs and Politics The war on drugs has been a great tool to keep the force of U.S drug policies’ in Latin America because the prohibition makes the most successful and profitable failure to transnational corporations. Over the course 100 years of repression history of narcotics, it has become apparent that zero tolerance policies have brought nothing than harm to the working class on a Global scale, especially Mexico. The attempt to eradicate trafficking in narcotics in many of the Latin American nations is a bloody game of failure. There is no measurable correlation that the supply of illicit drugs into the United States is decreasing as a result of this war. So, there is no end to it because of the morality behind the prohibition. The prejudices and myths created to condemn the use of illicit drugs; it formed a moral ground to sustain the ban. This new approach to drugs emerged from a political and social discourse in Latin America. The association of drug use to â€Å"m oral living standards† it was just a way to construct problem to divide and conquer. Therefore, the war on drugs just means that denying and mobilizing resistance to drugs; it could be better understood as a way to increase social and territorial control over lands and people with economic interests. Beatriz C. Labate writes about the use of drugs is seemed as degeneration of the body and soul just as a sin and it must be combated (Labate, 2016, pg. 7). Meaning that to have a successful policy, theShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma And Usage Of Recreational Drugs1582 Words   |  7 Pagesrecreational drugs has shown a positive impact on the community through decrease of incarcerations and medical advancements. This essay argues that although state and local policy changes have shown to be more effective than it’s predecessor set by the Nixon administration, federal oversight and involvement is still crucial to the success of applying a drug policy onto any type of population. Recreational drugs, or otherwise known as club drugs are often described in American media as: Drugs that areRead MoreThe Hippie Generation Changed the World Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagesparents or doing drugs and having sex, Hippies are people who believe that the way to peace is love. They believe that in order to love one another it is important that they accept one another for who they are but the people in their time others did not see this. They just saw kids that were breaking the law. They did many wild things that people other than the hippies frowned upon like, doing many different drugs and experimenting with sex, listening to loud music and holding war protests. OneRead MoreHurt Locker1119 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2011 Hurt Locker: An Addiction To War The Hurt Locker can give almost anybody the nerves with its numerous suspenseful moments. But what lies inside all the tension filled scenes is a much deeper meaning. Kathryn Bigelow stresses an important message in this Oscar-winning epic. Although the film depicts the gruesome horrors of war, Kathryn Bigelow’s The Hurt Locker is not an anti-war film. The Hurt Locker is a film about James’s addiction to war because it shows his desire tension riskRead MoreThe Zetas vs. Sinaloa Cartel1419 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Cline Blas P. Valdez May 29, 2013 Unit 11: Project Final Draft The War between the two major drug cartels in Mexico, Los Zetas and the Sinaloa Drug Cartel, has exploded to new extremes and is now affecting multiple countries. There are multiple cartels in Mexico who control certain sections of the country, but all have aligned with one or the other of the two Goliaths. This war started over the drug routes stemming from southern Mexico to the United States of America. The Sinaloa CartelRead MoreIn ‘The Social Life Of Smokes: Processes Of Exchange In1031 Words   |  5 Pagessocial processes involved in drug markets (Dwyer 2011). Her ethnographic research on the Footscray street based heroin marketplace in Melbourne, Australia indicates that drug research should be applied to relevant and effective policy making. In addition, this ethnographic research challenges society’s hostile perceptions towards drug exchange and main theoretical concepts through the introduction of alternative perspectives. The first perspective affirms tha t drug markets are determined by theRead MoreTeenage And Peer Pressure By Marjane Satrapi s Memoire, Persepolis855 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause there was a war in her country, and the lifestyle she led when she went to the school. Marji behaved like most teenager who cannot withstand peer pressure. 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The poverty level of Mexico has always been high, the country is known to be run by drugs and horrible, inhumane working conditions are common because of outside business coming in and taking advantage of what people will do for little money in the countryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Bong Hits And Arms Bands On School 960 Words   |  4 Pageswhich had the words â€Å"Bong Hits 4 Jesus† on it in. This was a violation of the schools rule to not promote illegal drugs (Supreme Court). The case was brought to the Supreme Court, Morse v. Fredrick (2007), and they held, 5-4, that the â€Å"school authorities do not violate the First Amendment when they stop students from expressing views that may be interpreted as promoting illegal drug use† (uscourts.gov). Although in this case the Supreme Court was in favor of Morse, this is not alwa ys the case. Students

The Effect Of Vertical Separation Of Incumbent Firms

In order to answer the above question, we mist first outline what exactly is meant by ‘vertical separation.’ This is when a two stages of one operation in a market becomes housed by two firms, however where one company is the monopoly provider, the parent owner is also the provider of the complimentary good, the owner being the ‘infrastructure manager’. The incentive is to instil competition in the market. Alternatively, when a large company distributes various tasks or a component of a goods production process into sections, either division or geographical, this is also known as vertical separation. The basic problem with this method is, being a natural monopoly allows the owner to prevent or restrict competition due to the scale of market power dominance, as well as alter price, product quality, quantity and so on. Structurally speaking, there are various management options open to the monopoly owner on how to designate the segmented firms, such as vertical ownership, joint ownership etc. To begin analysing the effect of vertical separation of incumbent firms and how well it stimulates competition within that economy, we must firstly keep one idea in mind, and that is what effect would result from the industry or company being managed as a single firm or being segmented into smaller, more focussed firms ie, separated. Economic analyses of vertical separation of firms has lead to two main points regarding the outcome of such a method. 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Sponsorship In The Marketing Communications -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sponsorship In The Marketing Communications? Answer: Introducation 7-Eleven is an American-Japanese convenience store located in Texas and Chiyoda. The company was established up in 1927 under the name of Totem Stores. Currently, 7-eleven has over 56,000 stores spread across 18 countries all over the world. It also has over 45,000 employees working for the betterment of the company. The company manufactures and sells products that include various types of beverages, prepared foods and gasoline. Due to the sale of these items, the company gain an added advantage over its competitors (7-eleven.com, 2018). Country and Market 7-Eleven is spread across all 18 different international countries. However, the main countries in which it conducts its business are the United States and Japan. The market of the United States comprise of a mixed economic system that consists of both free markets and planned control of the economy. The market in Japan focuses more the industrialisation of services. In terms of manufacturing, Japan is considered as the best country in the global market. Hence, these contrasting type exits in the market of both countries. International opportunities The international opportunity of the company is through the marketing development. This is done by increasing the number of stores. It has already been established that 7-Eleven has set up stores in 18 different countries. However, more expansion can be undertaken by creating marketing opportunities in other developing counties in the world. This can help the store to understand the diversity that exists within the people of other nations. According to Papadopoulos and Heslop (2014), it is necessary for the company to conduct a proper environmental analysis before investing in the country. Research and Sources of Evidence To identify a target market it is essential that managers of a company conduct a proper market research of the country. 7-Eleven need to identify the working capital that is required for its growth in the international market. The support required for storing inventory and the overall resource planning that is required needs to be researched. Evidence of these factors can be obtained by following the market, journals and website information. Assumptions and Limitations 7-Eleven need to assume that the store can gain success in the international market by mitigating all the potential threats. However, the limitation that the store may suffer is the cross-cultural marketing research technique (De Mooij 2015). Adjustments need to be made so that the profitability is maintained and the company can look to be the biggest retail chain in the country. This can provide 7-Eleven with an opportunity to continue its production line and expand into other regions of South Asia. Country The country that the company can target is India. This is because India is a country of diverse people. Hence, the company can manufacture and sell items that are of diverse nature and gain the trust of the customers. Entering into the Indian market economy is not a threat to foreign companies as a business in India is always welcomed. The market structure follows all type of marketing strategies that provide more opportunities for success. Target market As stated by Armstrong et al. (2015), target market helps an organisation to remain precise of the type of customers and the products it needs to manufacture. In the case of India, the target market of 7-Eleven can be the younger generation that aware of the use of technology and take considerable interests in the activities of a supermarket. However, it is required that 7-Eleven elevate their online marketing strategy before targeting the younger generation of the country. GO international decisions and definition of International Marketing According to Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes (2015), international marketing is a simple way to achieve profit by satisfying customers. This implies that the marketing managers of every company need to comply with the satisfaction of the customers by focusing on their needs and value. GO international decision is originated from within an organisation. Most of the times, however, it originates with the motivation that is provided by customers. Sometimes the corporate mission of a company drives the objective of GO international decisions. However, an audit can be done of 7-Eleven that can help in understanding its position. Strength Proper location Equity in brand Weakness Expensive rental cost Expensive labour payment Opportunity Market development Too many products Threat Competitors Availability of online shopping Table: SWOT analysis of 7-Eleven (Source: Created by author) Political Risk The political scenario in India is unstable and because of this, organisations may suffer a huge loss. The change in political figures may hamper the work progress as the parties may demand a cessation of work and bribes for allowing its continuity (Henisz and Zelner 2013). It has been seen that during the election system in India, organisations suffer more loss as people remain occupied in casting their rights for the benefit of the country. Hence, this is can be a huge loss for 7-Eleven after its expansion. Market Risk In India, one of the biggest market risks that a company may face is the fluctuating economy (Mathews et al. 2016). It is seen that the inflation rate of the country is high. This can create huge problems for the people of the country shy away from investing in products. The rate of conversion of currency in the country takes time, as legal documents need to be verified and re-checked by the Government before making it legal. Operational Risk Operational risk can occur due to the losses incurred by an organisation and the failure it had on building up a good business structure. The losses that have been incurred may result from internal as well as external factors (Fantazzini, Dalla Valle and Giudici 2018). In this regard, it can be said that in India, 7-Eleven may have to deal with losses incurred due to the continuous change in political as well as legal factors of the country. Organisations need to change the method of work each time these factors are changed. Ownership Risk According to Schmid, Grosche and Mayrhofer (2016), ownership risk can be considered as an event that may cause hindrance to a company for earning any investment projects. Such hindrance can come from the Government of a country, as many debates and considerations need to be taken into account before undertaking a project. In a country like India, the interference of the Government in organisational activities makes it a challenging factor for any company to continue its investment in a project. However, with proper negotiation it such risks can be mitigated. Financial Risk The financial risk includes the loss of money if a company has a huge number of debts (Dooley 2018). During expansion into a foreign country like India, 7-Eleven may expose the company to such a risk, as they may need to borrow a certain sum of money for the successful expansion of business. Hence, it is important to have proper financial backup particularly with the aim to expand into international market. Figure 1: Risk factors (Source: Created by author) Profit Advantage According to Koh and Wong (2015), the profit of a company helps it to continue its production in the market and expand its reputation. With sufficient profit earned, 7-Eleven can indulge in the innovation of products and satisfy the need of the employees. Employees can be provided with extra incentives because of the profit that has been earned by the company. Hence, earning profit need to be the ultimate goal for 7-Eleven to make successful progress in the Indian market. Unique Product The uniqueness of a product is always an advantage for a company as it helps in gaining a competitive advantage over the rivals. In India, 7-Eleven can introduce new products that can attract the Indian customers to purchase the products for the benefit of the company. The new product that can be introduced is a non-alcoholic drink that does not harm the health of the people. However, it needs to be kept in mind that other companies do not replicate the method used for making the product unique. This can lead to loss of competitive advantage for the company. Emerging Demand The demand for a product depends upon certain factors such as lifespan and the uniqueness that an item sold provides (Cavusgil et al. 2014). The monotonous nature of a product also contributes to its demand as people expect uniqueness in every product. The target market of 7-Eleven in India expects products that are unique in nature and provides an opportunity to remain loyal towards it. Hence, the demand for the products may decline if 7-Eleven does not incorporate new things for the satisfaction of the target market in the country. Excess Capacity The excess capacity of an organisation can be a huge disadvantage as companies may find it difficult to manage the stores (Bloom and Milkovich 2018). This one disadvantage is faced by 7-Eleven owing to the vast amount of stores that it possesses. However, since India is a vast country it is essential for 7-Eleven to maintain excess capacity so that the products can be manufactured easily on demand. This can help the company to maintain the objective that is set out once an organisation decides to indulge in international marketing. Encouraging Entrance Entering into new markets in a country is often encouraged by the Government of a country. However, it is to be seen that proper and legal considerations are kept in mind before allowing companies to establish itself in the country (Petersen, Kushwaha and Kumar 2015). In the case of 7-Eleven, the company can be encouraged to enter the market as it can help in the increase of the economic condition of India. Subsequently, the company can encourage employees to seek employment in the sectors. Strategic Control Strategic control refers to the process preferred by organisations to control the formulation of strategies. The employees involved in making strategies control the execution of strategies in haste. This is done by analysing the marketing situations and ensuring that the strategies are applied after careful consideration of the business factors. 7-Eleven need to control the execution of its strategies as the Indian economy can be unpredictable and can lead to severe problems for the company. Operational Control Larsen, Smith and Rosenbloom (2015) stated that operational control is required in order to ensure that the daily activities of an organisation are aligned with the target objectives and plans. This can help an organisation to identify any flaws in the management and ensure that necessary actions are taken for improving the conditions. 7-Eleven need to ensure that the company in India can motivate employees and educate them about the strategic and sustainable use and allocation of the resources of the organisation. This can help the company to remain focused on the purpose of expansion into the country. Marketing Control Marketing control is the manner in which the proposed marketing plans are monitored and controlled. Adjustments are made to the areas that required changes after the analysis of the market. It has been seen that objective and control co-exist simultaneously and helps in the formation of routes that can help an organisation to make effective strategic decisions. In the case of 7-Eleven, the company need to execute such marketing control policies so that the market of India can be analysed properly. Quality Control This refers to viewing the quality of all the factors that exist in the line of production. It is the duty of the managers to ensure that the qualities of products that are manufactured are consistent (Keegan and Green 2015). This can help in reducing criticism and satisfy the customers. 7-Eleven need to maintain the quality of products that it sold in the other markets to gain the loyalty of the customers. The qualities have to be excellent along with proper quantity and price to attract the attention of the local customers and gain an advantage in the Indian market. Financial Control The financial control of an organisation aims to achieve the desired return on investments. This can help an organisation to manage the finance by reducing the amount of bribes that are provided and other unnecessary investments in the business (Russo and Fouts 2017). This can be done by the use of financial statements such as budgets, operating ratios and other financial tools such as import and export factors. For 7-Eleven, it is another important factor to be considered in India as getting legal documents from the country requires costly procedures. Level of Involvement The level of involvement in the international market depends upon the business a country has in the cross-cultural business (Baker and Saren 2016). The level of involvement can be experimental as well as a policy decision. Either way, it may help an organisation to assess the external business environment of a country. Similarly, 7-Eleven can be involved in the market of India by analysing the profit level it can incur in the market. Hence, it can be recommended that 7-Eleven can secure a low level of involvement initially to analyse the success factors that can be attained. International Marketing Communication and decisions International Marketing Communication (IMC) outlines the essential elements that are required in the marketing framework. The vision, mission and objectives of a company drive the decisions that lead to the incorporation of the marketing mix strategies. According to Samaha, Beck and Palmatier (2014), the target market, segmentation and positioning of an organisation needs to be carefully addressed for the purpose of adapting locally and gaining competitiveness. A cross-reference needs to be made to confirm the points made after the initial analysis. IMC- International Marketing Communication process To ensure that 7-Eleven gain proper recognition in the market, it is necessary that the company set up target audience. This target audience needs to be the younger generation of the country that are involved in purchasing the products sold by 7-Eleven. This can help the company to maintain its competitiveness and ensure that the company can gain an advantage over the local markets that are established in the region of business. Determine communication objectives A communication objectives need to be similar to the marketing objectives of a company (Chen and Xie 2018). It needs to take into consideration the various factors that need to be analysed before setting up any marketing strategies. In this regard, it can be said that the communication objectives need to address the objectives of the company as well. For 7-Eleven, the marketing objective can be to increase profit by ensuring that proper advertising of the company is done in the Indian market. Establish the promotion budget In order to ensure that proper marketing is done, companies need to promote its products to the people. This can help in creating awareness among the customers and gain their attention towards the company (Narver and Slater 2014). However, it is important to consider the finances of the company before investing on the promotional activities. In the case of 7-Eleven, the promotional budget that the company can spend is about $130,000 that includes promotion via advertisement via television and endorsing a product placement policy. Decide on the promotion mix The promotion mix that needs to be undertaken will depend upon the budget of an organisation (Meenaghan 2017). Every organisation need to frame an annual budget keeping in mind the promotion technique that is being used. Hence, the promotion mix that can be adopted by 7-Eleven is the use of social networking sites and the advertisement of products using television and newspaper. This can help in reaching a greater number of audiences, as people of all generation are engulfed in watching television shows in India. Measure promotional results According to Baloi and Price (2013), the promotion of products is done by using various sources within the budget limit of a company. However, it is necessary that a proper promotional channel be selected so that it can be used to reach out to the customers regularly. In the case of 7-Eleven, the company need to estimate the finances required for the promotion of the products so that they can identify the proper method. The results obtained from the use of the promotional technique can be assessed by the amount of sales that a product encounters. Hence, this is another factor that needs to be considered before choosing a promotional method. Benefits of IMC process IMC can help in boosting the sales and consequently can contribute in building up the profit of an organisation. It helps in saving money, time and stress. According to Baker, Hozier Jr and Rogers (2017), the process involved in IMC provides comprehensive yet detailed steps that need to be followed so that the effectiveness of an organisation may increase. The implementation of pull and push strategies adopted in the process can help in satisfying customers by providing the type of product that they want. Conclusion The report can be used to convey knowledge about the importance of conducting an environmental analysis before expanding in international markets. The importance of the analysis is that it helps managers to prepare an organisation in a way that is guaranteed to bring about success. International Marketing Communication can help in identifying the essential elements required for marketing and provide organisations with an opportunity to exist in the market. Key findings To survive in a place like India, 7-Eleven need to provide unique products to the customers. The products need to be of good quality. Apart from this, the company need to abstain from undertaking unnecessary financial ventures that can be problematic for the company in the future. Advice intelligence and insights The external analysis helps in gaining an insight into the Indian market and the intelligence highlights the nature of the Indian market. The insights obtained from the analysis of the marketing environment can help 7-Eleven to cope up with the challenges that they may face in foreign countries after expansion. Relevant implications The implication of the International Marketing Communication can be relevant to the implication of marketing mix for the success of an organisation. The external environment also warrants the analysis of the marketing factors that are required for gaining a competitive advantage. Recommendations to the management The managers of 7-Eleven need to have enough financial resources to expand in India and ensure that no amount of bribes or Government policies that is irrelevant for business is documented. The advertising of the company need to be done via social media websites to reduce the cost of promotions. Reference 7-eleven.com. 2018.7-Eleven | Your Go-To Convenience Store for Food, Drinks, Fuel More. [online] Available at: https://www.7-eleven.com/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, K.G., Hozier Jr, G.C. and Rogers, R.D., 2017. Supply-side marketing: risks and benefits.Research Management,30(5), pp.26-30. Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Baloi, D. and Price, A.D., 2013. Modelling global risk factors affecting construction cost performance.International journal of project management,21(4), pp.261-269. Bloom, M. and Milkovich, G.T., 2018. Relationships among risk, incentive pay, and organizational performance.Academy of Management journal,41(3), pp.283-297. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Chen, Y. and Xie, J., 2018. Online consumer review: Word-of-mouth as a new element of marketing communication mix.Management science,54(3), pp.477-491. De Mooij, M., 2015. Cross-cultural research in international marketing: clearing up some of the confusion.International Marketing Review,32(6), pp.646-662. Dooley, M.P., 2018. Capital flight: a response to differences in financial risks.Staff Papers,35(3), pp.422-436. Fantazzini, D., Dalla Valle, L. and Giudici, P., 2018. Copulae and operational risks.International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management,9(3), pp.238-257. Henisz, W.J. and Zelner, B.A., 2013. The strategic organization of political risks and opportunities.Strategic Organization,1(4), pp.451-460. Keegan, W.J. and Green, M.C., 2015.Global marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Koh, A.C. and Wong, J.K., 2015. The Impact of International Marketing Research on Export Marketing Strategy: An Empirical Investigation. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 172-175). Springer, Cham. Larsen, T., Smith, B.A. and Rosenbloom, B., 2015. Culture and Communication in International Marketing Channels. InGlobal Perspectives in Marketing for the 21st Century(pp. 13-14). Springer International Publishing. Mathews, S., Bianchi, C., Perks, K.J., Healy, M. and Wickramasekera, R., 2016. Internet marketing capabilities and international market growth.International Business Review,25(4), pp.820-830. Meenaghan, T., 2017. The role of sponsorship in the marketing communications mix.International journal of advertising,10(1), pp.35-47. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Narver, J.C. and Slater, S.F., 2014. The effect of a market orientation on business profitability.The Journal of marketing, pp.20-35. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Petersen, J.A., Kushwaha, T. and Kumar, V., 2015. Marketing communication strategies and consumer financial decision making: The role of national culture.Journal of Marketing,79(1), pp.44-63. Russo, M.V. and Fouts, P.A., 2017. A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability.Academy of management Journal,40(3), pp.534-559. Samaha, S.A., Beck, J.T. and Palmatier, R.W., 2014. The role of culture in international relationship marketing.Journal of Marketing,78(5), pp.78-98. Schmid, S., Grosche, P. and Mayrhofer, U., 2016. Configuration and coordination of international marketing activities.International Business Review,25(2), pp.535-547.

Social Work Practice and Theory free essay sample

Professional practice requires you to be clear about the ideas that are guiding your thinking and influencing your practice’ (OKO 2008 p. 17). in the light of the above statement, analyse a piece of work that you have undertaken on placement, critically discuss and evaluate a particular aspect of the theoretical base, the rationale for applying this knowledge base to your practice, and to what extent your practice has benefited from this. Professional practice requires you to be clear about the ideas that are guiding you thinking and influencing your practice. In the light of the above statement my essay begins by illustrating the plight of disabled people, and the role of social services. What is also demonstrated is the legislation which developed as a result of the Seebohm Report. This is followed by signifying the value of assessment, and thus begins the starting point of my work with client X who had an inability to cope due to the admission of his mother to hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Practice and Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The significance of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 s. 7 and the FACS ‘Fair Access to Care Services’ are applied; this determines the eligibility of the client/s. The essay then goes on to discuss and evaluate personalisation and the theory attached to this and how I applied this to my practice in the work with client X and in what ways this benefited my practice. Lastly the essay addresses the issue of anti-discriminatory practice and concludes by showing how personalisation is a tool of empowerment for individuals who are part of adult services. Prior to 1970, help for disabled people and their families were only available through the health service (medical social workers) or voluntary organisations. During the 1950’s a few local authorities set up professional social work services which were staffed mainly by medical social workers and in some cases occupational therapists. Previous to the Seebohm Report welfare departments also offered services to disabled people, but the majority did not employ trained social workers, the support which was given was material help and information giving, and provision for residential care. The current role of social service departments emanate from the Seebohm Report which recommended the expansion of services for disabled people. Based on the Seebohm Report thus came the development of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970, this was followed by the social services departments and the recommendations on disability were incorporated into the additional Act the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 (Oliver and Sapey, 2006). In the mid 1980’s social services departments were under pressure first from disabled people who were dissatisfied with the lack of autonomy they could achieve through the design of personal care services (Shearer, 1984, cited in, Oliver and Sapey, 2006) and its inequitable distribution (Fielder, 1988, cited in, Oliver and Sapey, 2006) and second from the government who were concerned about the spiralling costs of welfare services for adults(Audit Commission, 1986, cited in, Oliver and Sapey, 2006). This resulted in the Disabled Persons (Services, Consultation and Representation) Act, 1986 this was the attempt to ensure that disabled people had a voice in the assessment of their needs (Oliver and Sapey, 2006). Coulshed and Orme (2006) stress the importance of the process of assessment which they note is core to social work practice. They further note that the organisation and delivery of social work services change and develop in response to political and economic reforms and that the assessment process is the one part of service delivery that depends on the skills, knowledge and values of those who have been educated and trained as social workers. Assessment is a key factor in the work with adult service users this establishes the nature and breadth of issues to be addressed for the individual. This will vary, and may include the availability of appropriate accommodation and access to regular health care; this may also include access to money whether through employment or the benefits system, this can be assistance with personal or domestic tasks, attention to the individual’s recreational and social needs and response to particular circumstances for example bereavement counselling or befriending networks (Davies, 2008). For the purpose of this essay I will make reference to client X who is male and 52 years of age, this client is listed as having a physical disability and is registered blind. A review was required and would include a holistic assessment of the client’s needs there were concerns regarding his ability to cope. Client X is stated on the system as having a physical disability and is registered blind, care is provided daily for personal care and preparation of breakfast. Client X was living with his mother who was his main carer although this was not official. Client X is very attached and dependent on his mother having lived with her all his life this was where the difficulty lay in learning to cope with everyday living as his mother was admitted to hospital due to ill health. In the article by Bradley and Cafferty ‘ Attachment among older adults: Current issues and directions for future research (2001), it has been found that ‘Individuals who tend to view their close relationships as characterized by ambivalence, dependency, or conflict are likely to experience maladjusted grieving following the loss of an attachment figure’ (p. 215). Client X is noted on file as having a drinking problem and this increased as his mother was admitted to hospital. His sister had called the office on several occasions as she was anxious about his physical well-being and the state of the property that he is living in. Having called the office the brother of client X also had concerns of the state of the property and that client X was drinking as he had seen empty bottles of spirits when he had helped client X to clear his room, he also stated that client X was not eating properly. The brother’s request was that client X needed extra help to clear the property and also help to prepare regular meals, the brother also wanted to be part of the review. As this would be not only just a review but an observation of my assessment skills I informed the brother that my supervisor would be present he agreed to this and the appointment date was then set. The starting point for any adult wishing to access social care services is the NHS and Community Care Act 1990’ (Gardener 2011 p. 38). s. 47 this provides all local authorities with a duty to offer an assessment to anyone who appears to have a social care need. This part of the process is carried out to make an initial assessment and more recently Fair Access to Care (FACs) (DoH, 2003c) this is used to determine eligibility and is a national eligibility framework for allocating social care resources fairly (Gardener, 2011). In 2003 the eligibility criteria was introduced this is divided into four categories: critical, substantial, moderate and low. The council in which I am on placement use these four categories and also the twelve domains suggested by the Department of Health, this is endorsed by in Control the twelve domains are: * Physical and mental health and well – being * Eating and drinking: nutritional needs * Keeping yourself safe * Looking after yourself: meeting personal care needs * Day to day/household tasks * Being a part of the community Work and learning * Making decisions and organising my life * Managing my actions and choices * Relationships and roles: Parent, carer or looking after someone else * The help I can get from family and friends ( taken from the councils intranet) These domains assist me to meet the needs of the client X and any other clients that I will assess. During the process of the review I also ask the client about his mother, the client states that when she became ill he was collecting her prescriptions and doing some of the house-hold tasks. During supervision I am told by my P. E that with this assessment that my focus needed to be on the client and not the needs of the mother as she had been allocated a social worker to meet her requirements , this was a learning curve for me and something that I will bear in mind for future assessments. In the application of the eligibility criteria the guidance on this stresses the need to ensure that in applying this it prioritises individual need and that local councils are not neglecting the needs of the wider population. The guidance still allows councils to operate the four categories in addressing eligible needs but also requires the council to consider presenting needs, that may not be as serious and may not meet the criteria but service users may still benefit from some level of support (Gardener 2011). For example the council in which I am on placement do not provide provision for those who have low or moderate needs the client is then signposted to other services that will meet their requirements; this can include prevention services or re-enablement. Client X has substantial needs and therefore met the criteria for extra services. The services which were provided and commissioned to the client were two extra visits per day of 30 minutes this would provide the client with the help to prepare meals so that he would be eating on a regular basis. The client also still has the service that he received previously which was for personal care and help to prepare breakfast. As illustrated previously for many adult services users in England the provisions of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 are a major feature. This Act, together with its connected guidance and directions provided the framework for service provision for adult service users. The Green Paper, Independence, Well Being and Choice (Department of Health, 2005b, cited in, Davies 2008) and the subsequent White Paper, Our Health, Our Care, Our Say, (Department of Health, 2006a cited in, Davies 2008) this was together with the cross department strategy document Improving the Life Chances of Disabled People (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit et al. , 2005, cited in, Davies, 2008) have set out the agenda for adult social care. This is based on the principle that clients should be able to have greater control over their lives, this is with strategies that deliver personalised rather than uniform services this is referred to as personalisation (Davies, 2008). The origins of personalisation lie in the field of information technology, and are associated with think tank demos and in particular Charles Leadbetter a journalist and writer. Leadbetters writings on personalisation, social work and social care have been extremely influential (Ferguson, 2007). Leadbetter views ‘personalisation as a way out of the impasse within which professional social work finds itself’ (Ferguson, p. 390). One of the major features of personalisation is direct payments, presently services are purchased by councils, and the costs of services are needed in order to allocate an appropriate level of direct payment if that is what the client requests (Mandelstam, 2005). Direct payments came into force on 1 April 1997 this gave the local authority the power to make payments to disabled people between the ages of 18-65(Gardener, 2011). A particular aspect of direct payments is that the client needs to have the mental capacity to be able to purchase their own care. Direct payments are made to clients who are eligible; this is for those who are receiving non-residential community care services. The service to be purchased also has to reasonably meet the need of the client, additionally that he or she consents to payment and they are able to manage this without assistance. The main purpose of direct payments is to give service users greater independence and control over their daily lives (Mandelstam, 2005). The process of personalisation ensures that the service user is placed at the centre of each stage of the process from assessment through to support planning and finally to review. Thus social workers must adopt a person centred approach to their work (Gardener, 2011). With client X, I needed to include him at every stage of the assessment process to meet his present and immediate needs, other needs would met through other services. For example client X was socially isolated, I was advised by my P. E to connect him with the Reablement Officer who works with the visually impaired my P. E contacted him so that a joint visit would be arranged, I would then be able to observe the type of assessment this would consist of. My support plan for this client also included a referral to an association for the blind who offer support and assistance in the form of household tasks, reading correspondence and the provision of curricular activities; I felt that this would be of great importance to this client in order for him to have greater control and independence. Client X also needed assistance with housing as there is a possibility that his mother will not be returning home due to her ill health. This created a dilemma for me as the client professed the wish to stay in the family home and the brother felt that he should have some type of supported accommodation as he feels that client X has some mental health issues, and would be unable to cope. My solution to this was to still apply for housing for the client and to advise him of his rights as well as making the brother aware of the rights of the client to stay in the family home. The above requires that you adopt a person centred planning approach and seek to use what is important to the individual as the focus for developing support and change (Gardener, 2011). Person centred planning was developed initially among service users with physical disabilities and represents a move against the notion of counselling which is associated with medical and tragedy models of disability (Coulshed and Orme 2006). This model of practice is a key method for delivering the personalisation objectives in the Putting People First Programme for social care (DoH, 2008b, cited in, Gardener, 2011). Putting People First recognises that person-centred planning and self directed support are central to delivering personalisation and maximising choice and control. Person-centred planning is a way of discovering what people want the support they need and how they can get it. It is based on evidence based practice that assists people in leading an independent and inclusive life. Person-centred planning is both an empowering philosophy and a set of tools for change, at an individual, a team and an organisational level. It shifts power from professionals to people who use services (DoH, 2007) A statement affirming the role of social work for the delivery of Putting People First in England has been issued by ADASS, the Department of Health, Skills for Care, BASW and the Social Care Association (in conjunction with the Joint University Council Social Work Education Committee, SCIE and the GSCC) It clarifies the vital contribution of social work to personalisation, acknowledging it as an international, value-based profession. The statement sets out the purpose of social work and its distinct contributions, particularly those relating to better outcomes and increased control and independence for people who use services, their carers, families and the wider community (Carr, 2010). Although the term personalisation is relatively recent, it has grown from a number of different ideas and influences. Personalisation originates at least in part as previously noted from social work values. Good social work practice has always involved putting the individual first; values such as respect for the individual- and self determination have long been at the heart of social work In this sense the underlying philosophy of personalisation is familiar (Carr 2010). Respect for the individual can also be evaluated in terms of the kantian philosophy which focuses on the content of morality, explicitly stating how we should treat other people (Banks 2006). Self determination this is regarded as an important principle in social work and can be viewed from the deontological position in that self determination is a right and part of what it means to be human. In the context of social work this is also a utilitarian argument as it adopts a form of practice that promotes the service users belief in their ability to manage their own lives. This approach also enables the service user to cope with more of their own problems and will be a satisfactory outcome for him or /her. For example with the client X with the employment of the values and method of practice used ‘utilitarian’ this helped the client to see that he was a valued individual and that he had the ability to cope with the changes that were happening in his life. On reflection I now acknowledge that client X became more self sufficient and confident in his abilities. The Utilitarian approach is also seen as a much more efficient use of resources than an approach which requires the service user to come to the social worker for assistance over a long period of time (Beckett and Maynard, 2008). Social work and its values can potentially shape the responses to personalisation of the entire health and social care workforce. The values are listed as listening, empowering individuals, recognizing and addressing potential conflict, safeguarding needs and the capacity of individuals, being sensitive to diversity and putting people in control should be central to the way staff and services treat people from the first point of contact (Carr, 2010). Thompson (2001) asserts that social work with disabled people has never achieved priority status and has been marginalised as a minority special interest, often receiving minimal attention on professional qualifying courses. Furthermore it has often been subsumed within medical discourse and distanced from mainstream social work but parallel with health related social work. It has thus been given low status, low levels of funding and little attention in terms of research and professional development. This Thompson (2001) states is discriminatory and symptomatic of the marginalisation and negatively valued position of disabled people and the issues that are related to their well-being . This has become known as disablism a form of systematic discrimination and prejudice against people with disabilities, this produces a milieu of oppression and degradation. It is the social model of disability which underpins the concept of disablism; this is alongside sexism, racism, and ageism. Disablism as well as the above can be seen as a form of discrimination against disabled people based on the stereotypical view that such people are dependent. The provision of care provided to this group is seen as disabling rather than enabling as there is the misguided emphasis on helping people to become more independent through the provision of care (Thompson, 2001). This view is seen as placing power in the hands of professionals, however as illustrated in this essay the utilitarian approach challenges this perception as it gives the individual the belief of their ability to manage their own lives. To conclude personalisation for adult social services is not just about the provision of services but practising in a person centred way. This means working in a way that people who use the services have as much control over their lives as other people. As confirmed in this essay this could be with the use of a person centred plan, usage of direct payments or a personal budget to provide their own support and care and employ their own staff. Additional aspects of personalisation include prevention and early intervention, workers supporting people early enough so that they do not require complex and intensive services. Types of provision may include support and modern equipment to stay at home, services provided in their community such as the support provided for client X, services which shorten their stay in hospital and support provided to keep people well and safe. Lastly and more importantly the support of community networks means that people can be independent from services.

Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay Example

Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay Example Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay Factors Leading to Slow Processing Speed of your Computer Essay The objective of this paper is to show how that all major advancements in newer versions of Windows are accompanied with a new set of headaches in the form of slower processing speed, frequent hang-ups and other technical issues. For example, according to a poll, the two biggest problems associated with Windows Vista were â€Å"the lack of proper drivers (36% of votes) and lots of application compatibility issues (36% of votes).† This indicates that the main headache for Vista users is finding applications which are compatible, or drivers which function properly. (Vista for Beginners, 2007) Dunn’s (2008) article explains the reasons behind some of the most frequent complaints end users have with Windows, and provides solutions with detailed directions as to how to relieve themselves of these issues. The issues stated in this paper focus on ones which result in slowing down your pc. Slow Start – up:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most frequent problems that end-users face is that their computers take too long to boot up. Dunn’s article explains that this might be because while starting up, Windows is loading numerous hardware drivers which the end-user might not even be using. : To rid yourself of this problem, it is imperative that one should uninstall all hardware drivers which are not being used. However, while doing so, careful choices must be made, to ensure that you accidently don’t uninstall a driver which will be needed. To negate the effect of such an error, it is advised that you create a restore point in System Restore before uninstalling anything.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason for slow start up is that once you have installed a network connection on your computer, Windows will automatically restore that connection whenever the computer is booted up. Resuming connections takes time; therefore it is advised that you drop all the connections you are not using. This will result in a speedier start-up. Also, if a particular connection is being used only for a particular session, you can ensure that the Reconnect at logon option is unchecked in the Tools ·Map Network Drive command in Explorer.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slow start up can also be the result of too many programs which automatically start running when Windows boots up. By clearing up this clutter, you can help your system boot up faster. Restoring Data: Some versions of Windows store data but do not restore them when needed. This wastes CPU cycles and storage space, unnecessarily slowing down processing speed, which happens in due course when too many files are stored on the Windows disk. A solution to this problem has been mapped out in the article. Also, other problems include that files meant to be deleted, are actually saved in a folder called â€Å"Windows Old†. This, again, would slow the computer down and increase the clutter, as the fewer items there are in the pc’s memory, the faster the processing speed would be. (Windows Vista Problems, 2008) Slow Speed Another common complaint is that the processing speed of certain CPUs is too slow, even if they are relatively new.   The speed that Windows operates at can be improved with the help of performance tools designed to maximize memory, disk space and other resources. Slow speed of network connections is also a problem. Even if you pay for a network connection every month, but if your routers are not up to date, the speed of the connection may not be as fast as its potential.   If your router does not support the latest technologies, you can purchase one which does, or upgrade an existing router. Security The problem here is that logging on to Windows as a standard user is too restrictive, and logging on as an administrator is too risky. Risk comes in the form of malware gaining access to your computer, slowing down the speed and acting as an impediment to normal processing. There are ways, however, to sign in as an administrator and still have tools in place which would block unauthorized access. Another potential security problem is posed by Autoplay, which enables faster launch of video and audio streams when using CD-ROMs, as well as flash drives and external hard drives that you connect to your PC.   The threat here is that if a virus enters the one of these devices, Autoplay can leave a clear path for the malware to the rest of the system.   Therefore, it is advised that Autoplay be disabled for all these devices. Web Browser Sometimes Internet Explorer ceases to operate as a web browser for Windows. It is needed at this point to return all Explorer settings to their default settings and restart. At other times, the Web Browser you are using may become extremely slow, and surfing the internet can become a nuisance. If surfing has become extremely slow, it might be because the PC has a virus. Windows’ susceptibility to viruses can be minimized with the help of an anti-virus or firewall. Alternatively, the problem may lie within the browser itself. In this case, you can either install a new browser or the latest version of your current browser. The browser may also have become slow as a result of plug-ins or add-ons. In such a case, it would be a good idea to disable all plug-ins and see if the problem is resolved. Spam The most common problem that Windows users have is spam mail. It is one of the most contributing factors to slower speed, as it unnecessarily takes up huge amounts of storage space. The most helpful tool to sort out spam mail is SpamBayes, a program which uses algorithms to sort out mails. Disk Checking If disk checking is to be manually done, it may take a lot of time. Therefore, people might choose to skip disk checking, and in doing so, will over look bugs and errors which would result in slowing down of the computer. The obvious solution is to automate disk checking so it is less cumbersome for the end user. Defragmenting If defragmenting does not take place, retrieval of stored files will take much longer. End-users usually fret from defragmenting files manually, as it is a technical task and too difficult and time consuming for most. The easiest solution is to let Windows defragment files stored on the hard disk, hence speeding up the process of retrieving files. Shutting Down Windows also has problems shutting down, in terms of speed and convenience. There are ways, however, to make it quicker. In Vista, for example, you can click the Start button, type power options, and press Enter. In the upper left, you then choose what the power button does. Next you select the Shut down options. Finally, you click Save Changes. Restarting In some instances, there are problems which occur when restarting your computer. For example, in certain instances, every time you restart your computer, you receive a â€Å"System has recovered from a serious error† message, even if there might be no error or bug in your pc. After this problem begins to occur, you are prompted report this information after every restart. â€Å"This problem occurs because after a Minidump file is written, the paging file continues to have a flag set that indicates that a Minidump file must be written.† (Microsoft Help and Support, 2007) Such problems act as an impediment when working on the pc, as these messages waste time and tend to frustrate the end user. They can be resolved by re-installing the latest available version of Windows. Conclusion This paper has outlined some of the most frequent problems faced by Windows users, with special focus on those which slow down processing speed of the pc. Most these problems have easy solutions, which have been given in detail in Dunn’s (2008) article. References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2007). Windows vista’s biggest problem. Retrieved   June 15, 2008. From: Website: vista4beginners.com/Windows-Vista-problems. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2008) Windows Vista Problems. Retrieved 15 June 2008. From: Website: http://coconuter.blogspot.com/2008/04/windows-vista-problems.html. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2007) You receive a â€Å"system has recovered from a serious error† message after every restart. From Website: http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=317277. Microsoft help and support.

Management & Organisational Behaviour - The Change is Coming Essay

Management & Organisational Behaviour - The Change is Coming - Essay Example In case of Tracey Foods Production, employee motivation is likely to go down because of the expected changes in the organizational systems. In this case, it is the responsibility of the managers to take effective steps to build the level of employee motivation to make them put their efforts in increasing the productivity of the company. Communication with employees and other staff members is also necessary in order to make organizational changes effective and result-oriented. Moreover, the top management of the company also needs to take effective steps to restructure the culture and work approach in order to make the company accomplish its goals effectively and efficiently. Answer 1: 1. Need for Increasing Motivation Motivation is the key to increased employee productivity. It is imperative for the management of a company to take effective steps to build employee motivation. Williams (2010, p. 1) states, â€Å"Motivating people to do their best work, consistently, has been an endur ing challenge for executives and managers†. However, employee and management motivation could be affected due to the changes that are brought within an organization due to the variability in internal and external environment. ... Those human needs include need for power, need for affiliation, and need for achievement. The top management of Tracey Food Production can use this theory to make employees aware of their needs of power and achievement which can ultimately be used for increasing the motivation level of employees in spite of of the all anticipated changes. 2.1 Need for Power One of the needs of employees is power. Employees want to be included in decision-making matters, as well as in other managerial affairs to some extent. To build employee motivation companies can share some management power with the key employees. They can also involve the employees in decision-making matters to make them feel valued. Moreover, consulting employees in making different business strategies, as well as in setting employee benefit strategies can also prove effective for a company. It is a fact that every employee wants to be taken into consideration during the phase of decision-making or strategy development. Therefor e, if Tracey Food considers these needs of employees while developing or implementing strategies, the results would definitely be good for the company. for example, if the management invites employees to give their suggestions in business planning, they will feel valued and the level of their motivation increase will increase as well. 2.2 Need for Achievement The need for achievement is the need of an individual to accomplish his/her personal and professional goals. Tracey Food Production can make employees aware of the importance of achieving company’s goals in a timely manner. The top management of the company can motivate the employees to work hard to get better job positions which can play a significant role in the accomplishment of their personal goals. Moreover,